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FLODDON FIELD. 



fl&uotfj one, Jt toere pitv t&at mfy particuto srtjouiti fie 
loaf Wqzk toouiu plea0ure not onlg 0ucf> 80 torite our fri0* 
tor^ejs, tut al^o encourage our countrymen toell to t&e ufce 
lopail 0ett)ice of t^eir prince, anti e0peciant» tf)O0e fctyo 
0f)ouine tfnti therein of t|?eir parent0 or aunce0tour0 to |>abe 
been pteg0e*i for fcalure* 

Mirrour of Magistrates, edit. 1587. 



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iS 



THE 



BATTLE 

OF 

FLODDON FIELD; 

9 Poem 

of 

€&e ©ijcteent& Centurg. 



WITH 

the various readings of the different 

copies; historical notes, a glossary, and an appendix 

containing ancient poems and historical 

matter relating to the same event. 



By HENRY WEBER. 



EDINBURGH: 

Printed by James Ballantyne and Co. 

FOR ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND CO. EDINBURGH, 

AND JOHN MURRAY, LONDON. 

1808. , 



TO 

WALTER SCOTT, Esq. 

&c. &c. &c. 

THIS REPUBLICATION OF THE RUDE AND UNADORNED 

METRICAL HISTORY 

OF AN EVENT, 

TO WHICH HE HAS LATELY GIVEN THAT CELEBRITY, 
WHICH NONE BUT THE POET CAN BESTOW, 

IS INSCRIBED 

BY 
HIS OBLIGED FRIEND AND FAITHFUL SERVANT, 

HENRY WEBER. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Preface, i 

Floddon Field.— Fit 1 1 

II 16 

III 31 

IV 47 

V. 59 

VI 73 

VII 86 

VIII 101 

IX 1 12 

Notes, 121 

Various Readings, 213 

Glossary, . 232 

Appendix I. Lamentation of King James IV.... 251 
The Bataile of Brampton, or Flod- 
don Feld. (Mirrour of Magis- 
trates, edit. 1587-4.) 259 

II. Skelton, Laureate, against the Scottes. 
(Certain bokes compiled by Mas- 
ter Skelton, Poet Laureat, Lon- 
don,B.L. 1583. 12.) 269 



CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 
Appendix III. The Complaint of King James of 
Scotland. ( Ulpian FulwelVs Flo- 
wer of Fame. London, 1575-4.) 287 
IV. Epitaph of Sir Marmaduke Con- 
stable, in Flamborough Church. 
(Gentleman's Magazine, 1753.) 286 

V. Song on the Victory of Floddon 

Field. (Ritson's Ancient Songs, 
1791.) 289 

VI. The Laird of Muirhead. (Min- 

strelsy of the Border, Vol. I.)... 294 
VII. The Flowers of the Forest. (The 

same, Vol. I.) 297 

VIII. Ara Heroibus qui in Praelio apud 
Fluidonem occubuerunt. (Jon- 
stoni Heroes, &c. Lugduni, 

1603-4.; 300 

IX. Letter from Pope Leo X. to Hen- 
ry VIII. (Rymer's Foedera.)... 302 
X. Pitscottie's Account of the Battle 

. of Floddon. (Edit. 1738.) ...... 306 

XI. Hall's Account of the Battle 

(Chronicle, 1550.) 327 

XII. Ballade of the Bataile of Floddon. 

(Harl. MSS. 2$$ and 367.) 366 



PREFACE. 



The Poem, which is now again offered to the 
public, accompanied with historical illustrations, 
and the few other poetical remains, which have 
descended to us, respecting the unfortunate 
event which it celebrates, has met with so much 
favour in the public eye, that no apology seems 
to be requisite for again producing it. No less 
than three editions saw the light between the 
years 1770 and 1790, which have all become 
scarce. It would be in vain to contend for any 
great share of poetical merit in the execution ; 
but the unadorned and faithful manner in which 
the battle is narrated, and the minute detail gi- 
ven of circumstances, either but slightly touch- 
ed upon by historians, or utterly unnoticed by 
them, sufficiently account for the interest exci- 
ted by it. And, though the general conduct of 
the poem be too prolix, and the style too much 
a 



X PREFACE. 

that of the chronicle ballad writers, who prece- 
ded the more polished, but also more dull tra- 
gedies of the Mirrour of Magistrates, there are 
not wanting passages which evince considera- 
ble vigour of versification, and spirit Of narra- 
tion • and are certain indications of the abili- 
ties of the anonymous author, to have composed 
a poem of greater merit in point of execution. 
His object was certainly not posthumous repu- 
tation ; but to procure his fellow-countrymen of 
the North of England, particularly those attach- 
ed like him to the noble house of Stanley, an ac- 
curate and minute account of a victory, in which 
they had gained so much renown. 

We are entirely in the dark respecting the 
time in which our Minstrel flourished. The 
date of the only ancient MS. which at present 
is to be found, is about 1636, as will immediate- 
ly be shewn. There can, however, be little 
doubt, that it was produced during the prece- 
ding century. After the accession of James to 
the throne of England, the battle would not 
have been the subject of popular celebration. 



PREFACE. XI 

A remarkable instance of the deference paid to 
this monarch on this score, occurs in the his- 
tory of the Mirrour of Magistrates. Two Po- 
ems on the subject of Floddon Field, and the 
death of James IV. (See Appendix, No. I.) which 
had been introduced into the edition of 1587, 
and which, in point of merit, are certainly not 
inferior to the generality of the legends in that 
collection, were omitted in the edition of 16 10. 
The deviations which occur in the poem, 
from those popular historians, Hall and Holin- 
shed, and which would probably not have oc^ 
curred, had the author been acquainted with 
their Chronicles, might lead us to assign a 
much earlier date to it. One of the most inte- 
resting incidents is not at all noticed by either 
of them ; nor have I been able to meet with it 
in any other chronicler of the time. The au- 
thor must therefore have had some other sour- 
ces of information ; most probably traditions in 
the house of Stanley, to which he seems to have 
been attached. The very frequent and obvi- 
ous alliteration is another, and a very strong 



xii PREFACE* 

proof of the antiquity of the work. From all 
these deductions, the assertion that it was pro- 
duced about the middle of the 16th century 
will not be deemed rash. 

We must at the same time allow, that the 
state in which we are enabled to give the text, 
is not that of the original. The orthography 
of a poem calculated for such extensive circu- 
lation among the lower orders of society, no 
doubt underwent successive renovations : and 
it is to be feared that the text also passed 
through several improving hands before it reach- 
ed the middle of the seventeenth century. 

The hypothesis of a former Editor, that the 
author*was a Yorkshire schoolmaster, is utterly 
untenable. He might possibly have been of 
that profession ; but the passage on which the 
assertion seems principally grounded, is un- 
fortunately an interpolation by a schoolmaster 
of the same county, but of the eighteenth cen- 
tury, as we shall presently have occasion ta 
prove. The great and strongly-marked parti- 
ality for the house of Stanley, and the Lancas- 



PREFACE. Xlli 

trian forces, and the more minute detail of their 
operations, indicate a close connection of the 
maker with that family. That this was not his 
only production, is proved by the first stanza of 
the poem, where he very evidently alludes to 
another, in which he had celebrated King Hen- 
ry VIII/s feats before Therouenne and Tournay. 
Ballad-inditing was probably his principal, if 
not his sole occupation. 

Having nothing more to offer on this barren 
subject, I shall proceed to give some account of 
the various copies of the work, which have been 
collated for the present edition. The MS. men- 
tioned in the catalogue of the Advocates' Lib- 
rary does not at present exist there. Another 
in the British Museum, (Harl. MSS. No/3526) 
the Editor had not an opportunity to collate 
till the poem was printed off; but he had then 
the satisfaction to find, that it perfectly coinci- 
ded with the copy from which the text of the 
present edition had been principally formed. # 



* The whole manuscript contains the following articles : 
1. Sixty- four coats of arms of the family of Smith ; % The 



XIV PREFACE- 



The reasons for not following the MS. in the 
possession of J. Askew, Esq. will be mentioned 



arms of various Scottish, Spanish, and Irish families ; 3. 
An Appointment of Overseers of the Parish of Holborn, 
e( from Easter last past 1635 to Easter ensuing 1636," 
which therefore fixes the date of the MS. ; 4. Arms of 
English families ; 5. A Discourse on Arms ; 6. Arms of 
other English families ; 7. Flodden Field, with the follow- 
ing title : " Heare is the famous historie or songe, called 
Floodan Field; in it shalbe declare how, whyle Kinge 
Henrie the Eight was in France, the King of Scoots, called 
James, the fowerth of that name, invaded the realme of 
England ; and how he was incountred with all at a place 
called Branton, on Floodan Hill, by the Earl of Surry, live- 
tenant-generall for the kinge, with the helpe of dyvers lords 
and knights in the North Countrie, as the Lord Dakers of 
the North, the Lord Scrope of Bolton, with the most co- 
ragious knight Sir Edward Standley, who for his prowis 
and valliantnes, shewed att the said battell, was made Lord 
Mount Eagle, as the sequel declareth." This article is 
written by two different hands; one of them also wrote 
the following ; 8. The Song of St George, printed in Percy's 
Reliques, and beginning, 

" Why should wee bost of Arthur and his knights." 

9. The arms of the English bishops. — The following vari- 
ations may be noticed : v. 1221, ' Thallion Field :' v. 1233, 
' Cholmley of Chistayne :' v. 1637, ' His face with velvett 
vicerne hyd.' It is remarkable, that this corruption has in- 
fected all the old copies, which have come to the Editor's 
hands. 



PREFACE. XV 

when we come to speak of Mr Lambe's edi- 
tion. 

In the year 1664, an edition bearing the fol- 
lowing title was published : " Floddan Field, in 
Nine Fits, being an exact History of that fa- 
mous memorable Battle, fought between Eng- 
lish and Scots on Floddan Hill, in the time of 
Henry the Eighth, anno 1513; worthy the pe- 
rusal of the English Nobility. London, printed 
by P. L. for H. B. W. P. and S. H, and are to 
be sold in Ivy-lane and Gray's-inn-gate, 1664. 
Licensed November 11th, 1663. Roger L'Es- 
trange," 12mo, which has been almost exclu- 
sively followed in the present republication. 
It is in the possession of W. Scott, Esq. and I 
am not acquainted with the existence of any 
other copy. 

Two several editions were printed in the year 
1774. The one in small 12mo, by Joseph Ben- 
son, Philomath, and professed to be " collect- 
ed from ancient manuscripts ;" the other was 
printed at Berwick, and edited by the Rev. Mr 



XVI PREFACE. 

Lambe, vicar of Norham upon Tweed. There 
is a third edition mentioned by Ritson, "print- 
ed, though very incorrectly, by old Gent of 
York/ (Anc. Songs, Lond. 1790, p. 116,) but 
which has not come under the inspection of the 
present Editor. 

Benson acquaints us, that he printed from 
an ancient manuscript, very imperfect in some 
parts. From whence these imperfections were 
supplied, he does not mention. However, his 
text is far more ancient than that of Lambe. 

The edition of Lambe has been honoured 
with frequent notice by very eminent judges. 
But with regard to the first duties of an Editor, 
he failed most grossly. He gave no account of 
the manuscript from which he printed his text, 
and which he seems actually to have sent to 
the press. It was natural to suppose from the 
expression, upon the title page, ' a curious ma- 
nuscript/ that he had made use of a very an- 
cient copy. In this way he saved his con- 
cience, and deceived the purchasers of his 



PREFACE. XVII 

book. # For, the friendly exertions of Walter 
Scott, Esq. and Patrick Brydone, Esq. having 
procured the Editor a sight of this manuscript, 
he was greatly disappointed in discovering the 
very modern date of it. There are certain evi- 
dences that it was written after 1 707, as Each- 
ard's History, which is quoted in the notes, was 
published in that year ; and the modern hand- 
writing demonstrates, that it was copied thirty 
or forty years after that. The manuscript is 
in folio, and appears to have been copied out 
for the press. The title is as follows : " The 
famous old Ballad History of the Battles of 
Floddon Field, which were fought between the 
English, under the Earl of Surrey, (in the ab- 
sence of King Henry VIII. of England, who was 
fighting in France,) and the Scots, under their 
valiant King James IV. of Scotland, who was 
slain in the said Battle in the year of our bles- 



* Among others, the accurate Ritson was deceived, as 
appears in his " Ancient Songs/' p. 116. 



XV111 PREFACE. 

sed Lord 1513; containing the valiant and re- 
nowned Actions of several Lords, Knights, and 
Squires." After a dedication "To the Gentlemen, 
Yeomen, and Others, on the Borders of York- 
shire, and the Borders and Fells of Lancashire," 
we have the following second title : " The fa- 
mous History, or Ballad, of the Battles fought 
in Floddon Field ; taken from an ancient ma- 
nuscript, (which was transcribed by Mr Rich- 
ard Guy, late schoolmaster in Ingleton, York- 
shire ") It is possible that this expression mis- 
led Lambe in his hypothesis respecting the 
author of the work. Mr Guy (or perhaps 
the transcriber from his transcript,) did not 
content himself with copying what he found, 
but modernized and embellished with no sparing 
hand. He was grossly ignorant of ancient, or 
even mere ballad-literature, as he ridiculously 
substituted ' Fight' for < Fit/ and changed all 
ancient words into modern ones. The tran- 
script subsequently underwent the further in- 
novations and polish of Mr Lambe, who boldly 
corrected into it, and therefore entertained no 



PREFACE. XIX 

sense of the duty incumbent on him, to pre- 
serve curious MSS> immaculate. # 

The interpolation which was always suspect- 
ed by the Editor, (and in this he had also the 
concurrence of Mr Walter Scott,) occurs after 
v. 32,6, and is silently adopted by Mr Lam be, 
though acknowledged by the transcriber as 
the product of his own fancy. Instead of the 
following stanza in the original : 

" Most stately halls, and houses gay, 

And buildings brave, they boldly burned ; 

And with a mighty spoil and prey, 

Toward Scotland they straight returned ;" 

the transcriber, and intended editor, foists in the 
following most unaccountable rhapsody, on a sub- 
ject totally unconnected with the battle, and in 



* He corrects, for instance, the line, 
" Marsh Warden was o'er East also,'' 
into " March Warden over East also." 
Instead of, " But straight he flew," he prefers " Straight- 
way he flew." 
" Was it not for a traitorous thief," 
he alters to, " Had there not been a traitorous thief." 



XX PREFACE. 

such an awkward manner, that he could not 
even afford rhymes for the last stanza, in which 
qualification the old copy is never deficient ; 

" Most stately halls and buildings gay, 
With sacrilegious hands they burn ; 

And thi s has always been their way, 
Whenever they could serve their turn. 

<: But happy Harrard * Church o' the Hill, 
Thou always 'scaped their barb'rous rage; 

And thou wert once, so art thou still, 
The wonder of the present age. 

u There Judge Gascoigne, once wisely grave, 
With his fair dame entomb'd doth lie; 

And there lies Rudimond so brave, 
In armour, by his family. 

With other noble persons too, 

For valour fam'd and piety ; 
Their monuments you now may view, 

Most sweet and lovely to the eye. 

But to return, for I've digrest, 

The Scots thus having overrun 
The bord'ring parts, and filled with prey. 

They thought to Scotland to return" 



* I quote from the MS ; in which " Harrard" is altered by 
Mr Lambe into " Harwood." 



PREFACE. XXL 

4 

The following clumsy confession is subjoined 
in a note, which Mr Lambe must either most 
strangely have overlooked, or not have chosen 
to observe : " I could not forbear, while speak- 
ing of the ruin of buildings, always perpetrated 
by the vile and barbarous Scots, whenever they 
had the power, but to take notice of Harrard 
Church, about three quarters of a mile from 
Harrard, and five miles from Ottley, Yorkshire. 
The tombs and effigies above mentioned, have 
escaped being defaced, being near 300 years 
since set up, as may be supposed from Mr Each- 
ard's History of England, p. 180." 

For the same reason, the following stanza, 
which only occurs in this MS. and in Mr Lambe's 
copy after verse 2044, could not be received in- 
to the text : 

Who now intombed lies at church, 
Carved out in stone to shew his fate; 

That though, by fate, left in the lurch, 
He died a death renowned and great. 

It is to be feared that too much indulgence has 
been granted to the two stanzas inserted from 



XX11 PREFACE. 

his edition, at verse 2237, and inclosed in brack- 
ets.* 

Besides these innovations, the History, which 
the old Rhymer had divided into nine Fits, has, 
in this MS. and Mr Lambe's edition, another 
division into three parts, and stanzas are intro- 
duced to announce the arrival of the second 
and third. The division of the old copies, 
though not very conveniently executed, is how- 
ever fully sufficient. 

The principal variations of the three different 
copies have been collected, partly with the view 
of proving the evident superiority of the valu- 
able edition of 1664, and partly to authorise any 
departure from that text, where it was evident- 
ly corrupted. To have reprinted all the nume- 
rous minute differences, would have answered 
no kind of useful purpose. 



* I take this opportunity to correct a mistake which has 
crept into the list of Various Readings, p. 231, 1. 6. It is 
there mentioned, that another stanza had been interpolated 
at line 2283. This is, however, not the case, nor is the stan- 
za 2290 wanting in Lambe's copy; but has only changed 
place with the preceding one in his MS. and edition. 



PREFACE. XX111 

As to the historical notes which are subjoin- 
ed, the Editor was anxious to make them as 
useful as possible ; and therefore the quotations 
are chiefly taken from genealogical and topo- 
graphical works ; though he is conscious, from 
the scantiness of his materials,, that sufficiently 
new and curious matter will not be found in 
them. 

The notes annexed in Lambe's edition have 
obtained him the applause of men well qualified 
to judge them. They have therefore been pre- 
served wherever they are in the least pertinent 
to the subject ; but his long rambling disserta- 
tions could not be retained. Thus, after ex- 
plaining in a few words, the term stour, he goes 
on with observations on classical literature, on 
the origin of the Scots and their language, on 
Chevy-chace, on Shakespeare, on editions of 
Latin authors, on Robin Hood, on Home, and 
concludes with a long review of a passage in 
Pope's Odyssey ! 

The Glossary is on so contracted a scale, 
that no attempt has been made to render it in 



XXIV PREFACE* 

any degree scientifical. Wherever the admi- 
rable Glossaries of Ruddiman, Tyrwhitt, and 
Chalmers, afforded any explanation, their au- 
thority has been preferred. 

All the ancient poems which could be col- 
lected on the subject of the battle, will be found 
in the Appendix; together with the account 
given of the battle by Hall and Pitscottie, two 
of the most authentic chroniclers of both na- 
tions. The relation of the former is the fullest, 
and in general the most accurate we have of 
this event. 

The Editor cannot conclude this Work with- 
out mentioning the numerous obligations which 
he has received in the prosecution of it, He is 
particularly anxious to acknowledge the friend- 
ship of Walter Scott, Esq. who not only favour- 
ed him with advice as to the general plan of 
the publication, but also supplied him with the 
materials, without which the text could not 
have received any degree of authority. The 
very curious copy of the edition of 1664 is here 
alluded to, as well as the manuscript which Mr 



PREFACE. XXV 

Lambe used in his edition. To Patrick Bry- 
done, Esq. and to the possessor of this manu- 
script, J. Askew, Esq. of Palinsburn, who, with 
singular liberality., permitted it to be sent to 
Edinburgh, the Editor also begs leave to express 
his obligations. For some very valuable com- 
munications, which will be found specified in 
the Notes, he is indebted to the kindness of 
George Chalmers, Esq. 







'■■■<-( 



tiPifpiiPfl 



FLODDEN-FIELD 



FIT THE FIRST. 



Mow will I cease for to recite 

King Henry's affairs in France so wide, 

And of domestic wars I'll write, 
That in his absence did betide. 

A fearful field in verse to frame, 5 

I mean if that to mark ye list, 
O Flodden Mount ! thy fearful name 

Doth sore affray my trembling fist. 

Almighty Mars ! do me admit 

For to discourse, with sounding praise, 10 
This bloody field, this fearful fight, 

Which fought was in our fathers' days. 

A 



>sr /■/?<<-/ r// //'< />'///// r>/ * 's'/f-r/r/r ■// />/< ? 

Preserved tn tne rfavfvatej J. t/srary £e/i-n/'ttr?A 



111 , 

111 1'!' ,|l ill 




~r l T 



FLODDEN-FIELD 



FIT THE FIRST. 



Now will I cease for to recite 

King Henry's affairs in France so wide, 

And of domestic wars Fll write. 
That in his absence did betide. 

A fearful field in verse to frame., 5 

I mean if that to mark ye list, 
O Flodden Mount ! thy fearful name 

Doth sore affray my trembling fist. 

Almighty Mars ! do me admit 

For to discourse, with sounding praise, 10 
This bloody field, this fearful fight, 

Which fought was in our fathers' days. 

A 



2 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

You Muses all my mind incense, 
And thou, Polymnia, most prudent ! 

Lest Nemesis, for each offence, 15 

With poet's rod make me repent. 

Pardon, ye poets all, I cry, 

My simple, rude, and rugged rhyme ; 
Even tho' the hill, Parnassus high, 

Presumptuously I press to climb. 20 

For what is he, with haughty stile, 
Such deeds of honour could contrive ? 

No, not the poet, great Virgile^ 
If that on earth he was alive. 

Who could reveal in volume short, Z6 

The haughty Howard's noble act ? 

Though paper none did make report, 
Fame would not fail such noble fact. 

Or thou, O Stanley, stiff in stour, 

Thou imp of Mars, thy worthy meeds 30 
Who can discourse with due honour, 

Or paint with praise thy valiant deeds? 



FLOD DEN-FIELD. I 

Thy doleful daywork still shall be 
In Scotland curs'd with an outcry : 

For Hector's match this man was hej 35 

Who climb'd the mount of Flodden high. 

What banners, bravely blaz'd and borne, 
What standarts stout brought he to ground, 

What worthy lords by him forlorn, 

What sorrow in Scotland yet doth sound ! 40 

Ye heavenly powers ! your aid I crave, 
My sleeping muse help to awake ; 

Grant, this work, which in hand I have, 
A lucky fine and end may make. 

Before King Henry crost the seas, 45 

And e'er to France he did transfleet, 

Least that the Scots should him disease, 
He constituted captains meet. 

For he perusing, in presence 

Of English kings, their battles bold, 50 
He saw how Scots in their absence, 

What damage they had done of old. 



4 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Wherefore, least they should work some teen. 
As they thought to have done indeed, 

His realm unto his royal queen, 55 

He left to be ruled by her read. 

Then for the Earl of Surrey he sent, 
And regent of the north him made ; 

And bade him, if the Scots were bent 
The northern borders to invade : 60 

That he should raise a royal band, 

In Bishoprick and in Yorkshire, 
In Westmoreland and Cumberland, 

In Cheshire and in Lancashire. 

" And if thou need Northumberland," 6& 

Quoth he, " there be strong men and stout, 

That will not stick, if need doth stand, 
To fight on horseback, or on foot. 

u There is the doughty Dacres old, 

Warden of the west-march is he : 70 

There are the bows of Eendal bold, 

Who fierce will fight and never flee, 



FLODDEN-FIELD. S 

« There is Sir Edward Stanley stout, 
For martial skill clear without make, 

Of Latham-house by line came out, 75 

Whose blood will never turn their back. 

" All Lancashire will live and die 
With him, so chiefly will Cheshire : 

For through his father's force, quoth he, 

This kingdom first came to my sire. $0 

" Lord Clifford too a lusty troop 
Will there conduct, a captain wise ; 

And with the lusty knight, Lord Scroop, 
The power of Richmondshire will rise. 

<f The wardens all look that you warn, 85 

To hearken what the Scots forecast ; 

If they the signs of wars discern, 
Bid them the beacons fire fast."— 

The Earl then sigh'd with sorry heart, 

And drown'd his face with trickling tears, 90 

When from his Prince he did depart, 
And from his royal country peers, 



tf* 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 

« Grant thou/' quoth he, " Almighty God ! 

A shameful death that he may die, 
That is the cause of mine abode, Q& 

Bereav'd of my king's company ." — 

Some thought to th' King of Scots that he 
Did wish such foul fortune and fate ; 

And some thought to the Earl of Derby, 
With whom he had a great debate. 100 

The Earl then his tenants tall, 

Martially in musters did elect ; 
And then his way, by journeys small, 

To Pomfret-castle did direct. 

Then did he send Sir William Bulmer, 105 
And bade him on the Borders lie, 

With ordinance, and other geer, 
Each house of fence to fortify. 

And bade him call the Borderers bold, 

And hold with him in readiness ; 1 10 

And get him word, with speed he could, 
If that the Scots meant his distress. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 7 

Then caus'd he watch in ev'ry street, 

And posts to prick thro' downs and dales : 

So what was wrought he straight did weet 1 15 
From Carlisle to the coasts of Wales. 

When flying Fame, that monstrous wight, 
With hundred wings wapping was flown, 

And in the court of Scotland light, 
And bruit abroad was blazed and blown 120 

Of King Henry's enterprize, 

And how he fared was into France, 

With all his peers in princety wise, 
To bring that land to his obeysance : 

England to over- run with rage, 125 

The Scots then meant, as was their guise, 

Still, when the King was under age, 
Or occupied some otherwise. 

King James his courage 'gan to increase, 
And of his council crav'd to know, 130 

If he had better live in peace, 
Or fight against his brother-in-law. 



S FLODDEN-FIELD. 

" Alas/' said he, " my heart is sore, 
And care constraineth me to weep, 

That ever I to England swore, 135 

Either league or love a day to keep. 

u Had I not entred in that band, 
I swear now by this burnish'd blade, 

England and Scotland both one land, 

And kingdom one I could have made. 140 

a That realm we should so over-run, 

That England still after this age, 
As our elders to them have done, 

Unto our crown to do homage. ,, — 

Then stood there up a baron stout, 144 

A lusty laird of Douglas blood. 
" My liege," quoth he, " have you no doubt, 

But mark my words, with mirthful mood. 

" The league is broke, have you no dreed, 
Believe me, liege, my words are true. 150 

What was the English Admiral's deed, 
When Andrew Barton bold he slew ? 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 9 

<e Your ships and armour too he took ; 

And since their King did nothing fear 
To send his aid against the Duke 155 

Of Gelders, your own cousin dear. 

" Hath not the bastard Heron slain 
Your warden with his spiteful spear ? 

The league and peace are therefore vain ; 
My liege, you nothing have to fear." — 160 

Then manful Maxwell answered soon : 
" My liege, the league is broke by right ; 

For th' English King ought not t'have gone 
Against your friends in France to fight. 

ct Have you in league not entered late 165 

With Lewis, your cousin, the French King f 

And now you see, what great debate 
Betwixt the King and him doth hing. 

" What greater kindness could you show 
Unto your friend, the King of France, 170 

Than in English blood your blade t'imbrue, 
Against their land to lift your lance ? 



10 FLGDDEN-FIELK. 

(t You see what damage to you was done 
By English Kings in time of old ; 

Your borders burned, and Berwick town 175 
Still by strong hand they from you hold. 

" Wherefore, more time let's not consume, 
But fiercely fight that land again." — 

And then stood up haughty Lord Hume, 

Of Scotland the chief chamberlain. 180 

" My liege," quoth he, <e in all your life, 
More lucky fate could never fall ; 

For now that land, with little grief, 
Unto your crown you conquer shall, 

<c King Henry, you understand, 185 

To France is past with all his peers : 

At home is left none in the land, 

But joult-head monks, and bursten fryers, 

<e Or ragged rustics, without rules, 

Or priests, prating for pudding-shives, 190 
Or miilners, madder than their mules, 

Or wanton clerks, waking their wives. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 11 

<e There's not a lord left in England, 

But all are gone beyond the sea ; 
Both knight and baron, with his band, 195 

With ordnance, or artillery." — 

The King then call'd to De-la-mount, 

Which bodword out of France did bring ; 

Quoth he : " The nobles names pray count, 
That are encamp'd with th' English king." 200 

" That will I do, my liege," quoth he, 

" As many as I have at heart ; 
First, there's the Earl of Derby, 

With a lusty lord, call'd Herbert. 

" There is an earl, of antique race, 205 

Passing in pride and costly array ; 

In his banner brave he displays 

A half-moon in gold glistering gay." — 

" That is the lusty Piercy plain," 

The King can say, and gave a stamp ; 210 
" There is not such a lord again, 

No, not in all King Henry's camp." — 



12 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

tt There is a lord, that bold doth bear 

A talbot* brave, a burly tike, 
Whose father struck France so with fear, 215 

As made poor wives and children skrike " — 

The King then answered at one word : 
" That is the Earl of Shrewsbury ; 

There is likewise a lusty lord, 

Which caird is the doughty Darcy : 220 

" There is Dudley, and Delaware, 
And Decroy, great lords all three ; 

The Duke of Buckingham is there, 
Lord Cobham and Lord Willoughby. 

ff There is the Earl of Essex gay, 2&b 

And Stafford stout, Earl of Wiltshire ; 

There is the Earl of Kent, Lord Gray, 
With haughty Hastings, hot as fire. 

* Though all the editions concur in spelling Talbot as a pro- 
per name, there can be no doubt, that the family name of the 
Earl of Shrewsbury is not alluded to, but the supporters of 
the arms, which are two talbots argent. The words " a bur- 
ly tike," (a rough dog,) leave no doubt that this explanation 
is the true one, as a talbot, in hcraldick language, is a species 
of hound. 



ILODDEN-FIELD. 13 

a There is the Marquis Dorset brave, 

Fitzwater, and Fitzleigh, lords great ; 230 

Of doughty knights the lusty lave 
I never could by name repeat. 

" There is a knight of the north country, 
Which leads a lusty clump of spears ; 

I know not what his name should be, — 235 
A boisterous bull, all black, he bears." • 

Lord Hume then answered, loud on bight ; 

<c This same is Sir John Nevil bold ; 
King Harry hath not so hardy a knight, 

In all his camp, my coat I hold. 240 

c< He doth maintain, withouten doubt, 
The Earl of Westmoreland's estate ; 

I know of old his stomach stout, 
In England is not left his mate." — 

The King then asked his lords all round, 245 
If wars or peace they did prefer ? 

They cried, and made the hall to sound : 
" Let peace go back, and let's have war ! 



14 FL0DDEN-I1ELD. 

t( Our armour is for usage marr'd, 

Both helmet, habergeon, and crest ; 250 
Our startling nags, in stable sparr'd, 

Are waxen wild with too much rest. 

" Our staves, that were both tall and streight, 
Wax crooked, and are cast each where ; 

Therefore in England let's go fight, 55 

Our booties brave from them to bear." — ~ 

The King rejoiced then to see 

His lords such lively hearts to have ; 

And to their says did soon agree, 

And plyed to their pleasures brave. 260 

With that on Lyon loud he cried, 

And took to him a letter broad ; 
Quoth he, " No longer look thou bide, 

But toward France soon take thy road. 

" To Terwin town take thou thy Way, 2,65 

And greet well there my brother-in-law, 

And bid him there no longer stay, 
But homeward to his country draw. 



FLODDEN-riELD. 15 

* And bid him cease his furious force, 

Against my friend, the King of France, 270 

For fear domestic wars prove worse ; 
And make from me full defiance. 

a And summon him soon to return, 
Lest that our power we ply apace ; 

With fire and sword we beat and burn 275 
His men and land in little space." — 

Then Lyon made him boun lightly, 

And with his coat of arms him deck'd ; 

He haled up sail right heartily, 

And towards France his way direct. 28© 



H FLODDEN-FIELD. 



FIT THE SECOND. 

Meanwhile, the King can letters write, 
Which pricking posts apace did bear 

To all his lords, which had delight, 
With him in England arms to wear. 

Then every lord and knight each where, 285 

And barons bold in musters met; 
Each man made haste to mend his gear, 

And some their rusty pikes did whet. 

Some made a mell of massy lead, 

Which iron all about did bind; 290 

Some made a helmet for the head, 

And some their grisly gisarings grind. 

Some made their battle-axes bright; 

Some from their bills did rub the rust ; 
Some made long pikes, and lances light ; 295 

Some pike-forks for to join and thrust. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 17 

Some did a spear for weapon wield ; 

Some did their lusty geldings try ; 
Some all with gold did gild their shield ; 

Some did with divers colours dye. 300 

The tillmen tough their teams could take, 
And to hard harness them conflate ; 

One of a share can shortly make 
A sallat for to save his pate. 

Dame Ceres did unserved remain, 305 

The fertile fields did lie untilled ; 
Outrageous Mars so sore did reign, 

That Scotland was with fury filled. 

Whereof the King, in heart full fain 

His men had all things ready made, 310 

Did then command his chamberlain 
In England for to make a raid. 

The chamberlain, Lord Hume, in haste, 
O'er th' east-march warden was also, 

Within the English borders brast, S 1 5 

With full eight thousand men and moe ; 
B 



U FLODDEN-FIELD. 

And enter'd in Northumberland. 

With banners bravely blazed and borne ; 
And finding none them to withstand, 

They straight destroyed both hay and corn ;S20 

And spoiled and harried all abroad, 
And on each side booties in brought; 

Some coursers got, some geldings good, 
And droves of kine and cattle caught. 

Most stately halls, and houses gay, S2| 

And buildings brave, they boldly burned ; 

And with a mighty spoil and prey, 
Toward Scotland they straight returned. 

Sir William Bulmer, being told € 

Of this great road and wild array, 330 

Did strait forecast all means he could. 
The Scots in their return to stay. 

Two hundred men himself did lead, 
To him there came the Borderers stout, 

And divers gentlemen, with speed, SS.5 

Repaired to him with all their rout. 



n 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 1» 

They were not all a thousand men, 

But knowing where the Scots would come, 

The Borderers best their course did ken, 
And hid them in a field of broom. S40 

The Scots came scouring homewards fast, 
And proudly pricked forth with their prey ; 

Thinking their perils all were past, 
They straggling ran clear out of ? ray. 

The Englishmen burst forth apace, 34$ 

And skirmished with the Scots anon ; 

There was fierce fighting, face to face, 
And many geldings made to groan. 

There men might see spears fly in speels, 
And tall men tumbling on the soil, 350 

And many a horse turn'd up his heels ; 
Outrageous Mars kept such a coil. 

The Scots their strength did long extend, 
And broken ranks did still renew; 

But the English archers, in the end, 355 

With arrow-shot, full sore them slew. 



20 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

The English spears, on the other side, 
Among the Scots did fiercely fling, 

And through their ranks did rattling ride, 860 
And chased them thro* moss, mire, and ling. 

The chamberlain, viewing this chance, 
And seeing his host all put to flight, 

Did with the foremost forth advance ; 
And happy he had a horse so light. 

For prickers him so nigh pursued, 365 

His banner-bearer down they bet 5 

And all the prey and spoil rescued, 
Besides a sort of geldings get. 

Six hundred Scots lay slain on ground, 

Five hundred prisoners and more ; S7Q 

Of Englishmen, slain in that stound, 
The number was not past threescore. 



In August month this broil befel, 

The day still black with Scottish blood ! 

As diverse old men yet do tell, 37£ 

The Scots call it the devilish road. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 21 

Thus, while the Scots, both nigh and far, 
Were thro* all Scotland occupied, 

In framing weapons fit for war, 

And mustering men on every side : 380 

By this time came the herald sent, 

Before the town of Turwin high, 
Where to King Harry straight he went, 

And louring low upon his knee, 

The King he reverently gan greet, 385 

And took to him his letters large ; 

His master's mind he let him weet, 
And did his message whole discharge. 

The letters soon were look'd upon, 

And in the King's presence perused ; 390 
King James's mind he knew full soon, 

And found himself most sore abused ; 

Who summoned him his siege to cease, 
And eke those wars taken in hand ; 

Or else he, with a mighty press, 395 

Would straight invade his native land. 



22 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

King Henry's heart began to rise, 

And to the herald he can say : 
u Thy master thus I did surmise, 

In our absence would partly play. 400 

u Indeed he doth not now digress 
From his old predecessors prave ; 

But if he do my land distress, 

I hope he welcc Le hard shall have. 

" For in my land I left a lord, 405 

Who, aiding of my royal queen, 
Will stay your prince at point of sword, 

And turn such truthless guests to teen. 

" Let him not deem so destitute, 

My land of lords and lusty knights ; 410 
For if he dare to prosecute, 

He there shall find some warlike wights ; 

" Which will withstand him stiff in stour, 
And eke his streaming standarts rent ; 

We'll send upon him many a shower 415 

Of arrows, ere he pass the Trent. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 23 

<e For since he perjured now doth prove, 
And doth so small esteem his oath ; 

Our siege we will not cease to move, 
Be he never so wood or wroth. 420 

" But a valiant vow now we shall make, 

At what time as we shall return, 
All Scotland we shall harrv and sack, 

And never cease tospoil u *a burn ; 

" And never peace with him contrive, 425 

Nor never league nor loveday take, 

While one false Scot is left alive, 

And till that land be brought to wrack."— 

Then he to the King of Scots can write 

A letter fast of full defiance : 430 

u That he, for all his ire and spight, 

Would still proceed his wars in France." 

And took it to the Herald's hand, 
And gave him eke a rich reward ; 

Then homewards he away gan wend, 435 

And towards Scotland forth he far'd. 



24 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

But while he waited for the wind, 
And for his ship did things ordain, 

For all his haste he came behind, 

He never saw his prince again. 440 

Anon King Henry the Scottish bill 

Unto the Earl of Surrey sent 
To Pomfret, where he stayed still, 

And bade him be for battle bent. 

The Earl all things 'gan to provide, 445 

The Scotch King's purpose to resist ; 

And thro' all Scotland, far and wide, 
All that was done straight way he wist. 

For the Lord Dacres did perceive 

The Scots' intentions manifest ; 450 

Their meetings and their musters brave, 

And daily ridings, without rest. 

The sooth whereof he sent straightway, 
And told the Earl of Surrey sage, 

That time was not to make delay, 455 

But soldiers soon to fee and wage. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 2fi 

Which, when the Earl understood, 
His letters fast he forth did 'dress 

Unto each man of noble blood, 

To have their men in readiness ; 460 

And eke what numbers they could make, 
Of warlike wights all well arrayed ; 

Then with Sir Philip Tilney spake, 
How that their wages might be paid ; 

And after for ordnance he sent 465 

Unto Sir Nicholas Appleyard ; 
Which to his bidding soon was bent, 

And towards him apace prepared 

With culverings and cortals great, 

And double cannons two or three; 470 

He brought them on by stee and street, 

To Durham in the north country. 

That done, the Earl letters wrote 

Unto each castle, fort, and hold, 
That they should furnish them with shot, 47<5 

And fortify their bulwarks bold. 



26 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Which answered all with stomach stout, 

And every captain with his crew, 
That they would beat the Scots quite out, 480 

Till the King came home with their rescue. 

Which answer of the captains keen, 
The Earl Surrey greatly did delight. 

But this while what the Scots did mean, 
And of King James then will I write. 

For after he to his brother-in-law 485 

Defiance into France had sent, 
His nobles all to him did draw, 

Well busked, and for battle bent. 

When they were all assembled sam 

The town of Edenbrough before, 4Q0 

Fifty great lords there were of fame, 
And barons bold besides great store 

And prelates proud a populous lave, 
And abbots boldly there were boun, 

With bishop of St Andrews brave, 495 

Which was King James his bastard son. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 27 

Surely 'twas an unseemly sight, 

Contrary to our Christian laws, 
A prelate for to press to fight, 

And specially in a wicked cause. 500 

Are these the Scot's religious rules ? 

Who taught their priests such pranks perverse, 
To march forth mustered on their mules, 

And soldier-like to sue God Mars I 

The messenger of Christ, St Paul, 505 

Taught them to shoot at no such prick ; 

Peter, nor Christ's apostles all, 

Ne'er taught them any such a trick. 

Their patron so did not them learn, 

Saint Andrew with his shored cross ; 510 

But sure St Triman of Quhytehorn, 
Or Dofnn, their demigod of Ross. 

This bishop bold, this bastard blest, 

With other bishops in his band, 
And abbots eke, bold as the rest, 5 15 

For beagle-rods took bills in hand. 



28 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

And every lord with him did lead 

A mighty band, for battle prest ; 
So that in numbers they did exceed 

A hundred thousand men at least. 520 

King James for joy began to jet, 

So huge an army to behold ; 
Then soon he bade them forward set, 

And eke blaze out his banners bold. 

Each lord went on then with his band, 525 
And every captain with his crew ; 

Then minstrels mirthed all the land, 
And brazen trumpets loud up blew. 

Then drums struck up with hideous sound, 
And banners bravely waved wide ; 530 

Men might no where behold bare ground, 
But soldiers arm'd on every side. 

In midst of ranks there rode the king, 
On stately steed which stoutly stamp'd, 

A goodly sight to see him fling, 535 

And how his foamy bits he champ'd. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 29 

King James thus gorgeously gan ride, 
Great pleasure to his peers to see ; 

Thus rode this prince, puff'd up with pride, 
Whose lofty heart was but too high : 540 

For he thought himself able enough, 

Having so mighty a multitude, 
All Europe then for to pass through, 

And that no hold could him exclude ; 

Nor any king in Christendom e, 54.5 

In field to meet him was of might ; 

No, not the great Caesar of Rome 
Had been of force with him to fight ; 

Nor Hercules, nor Hannibal, 

The Soldan, Sophy, nor the Turk ; 550 

None of the mighty monarchs all ; 

Such lusty blood did in him lurk. 

But yet for all his armed host, 
And eke for all his haughty heart, 

Full soon abated was his bost, 555 

When brought to London in a cart. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 



Even in the midst of harvest-tide, 
The twoand-twentieth of August, 

Did this proud prince, puft up with pride, 
Into the English borders burst ; 560 



FLODDEN-FIELB. 21 



FIT THE THIRD. 

Where piles he pulled down apace, 
And burly buildings brought to ground ; 

The Scots like grooms void of all grace, 
Or soldiers sacred to Mahound, 

Fair matrons they did force each where, 565 
And ravish'd maidens fair and mild, 

And houses burnt, and bent up gear, 
And murther'd many a man and child ; 

For so the king commanded had, 

To waste and spoil with fire and flame : 570 
And rifling so by journies rade, 

To Norham castle strait they came ; 

Which soon with siege he did beset, 
And trenches digg'd without delay ; 

With bombard shot the walls he bet, 515 

And to assault it did assay. 



32 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

But the captain, with courage stout, 

His fortress fiercely did defend ; 
Alas ! too lewdly he lash'd out, 

And foolishly his ordnance spend ; 580 

And powder did profusely waste, 
And hail'd out arrows every hour ; 

So that he lacked at the last, 

What should have heen his chief succour. 

But yet five days he did defend, 585 

Tho' with hard 'saults they him assail'd ; 

And all their total strength extend ; 
Yet all their power had not prevaiPd, 

Had it not been a false trait'rous thief, 

Who came King James's face before, 590 

Who in that hold had got relief, 
The space of thirty years and more. 

u I say," quoth he, " King James my liege, 
Your 'deavours here are all in vain, 

For all your 'saults and hard besiege 595 

Of gun-shot here ye get no gain. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 33 

a But what reward shall I receive, 
Quoth he, express and speak anon, 

And I shall let you plain perceive 

How that this castle may be won." — 600 

a If that to pass thou bring this can," 
(The King gan say, where he did stand,) 

" I shall make thee a gentleman, 
And living give thee in our land." 

" Then first of all refuse this place, 605 

And down to yonder vallies draw ; 

The walls so shall ye rent and raze, 

And with brief battery bring them low." 

Which as he said, the king did so, 

And 'gainst the walls his ordnance bent; 610 
And ere five piece were shot or mo. 

The walls were all to-razed and rent. 

Which made the captain sore agast, 
Seeing the walls down rattling reel'd ; 

His weapons all away he cast, 61 £ 

And to King James simply did yield. 
c 



34 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

The Scots anon they scoured in, 
And plied apace unto their prey; 

Look, what was worth one point or pin, 

Ye need not bid them bear't away. 620 

So when the Scots the walls had won, 

And rifled ev'ry place and nook, 
The traytor came to th' King anon, 

For his reward ready to look. 

The King then ask'd him, by and by, 625 

Where he was born, and in what place ? 

The false knave nothing did deny, 
But said a Scotchman born he was. 

The King then ask'd him, with words mild, 
How long time he had lodged there ; 630 

Quoth he, " Still since I was a child, 
A good deal more than thirty year." — 

" Why," quoth the King, " hast thou thus wrought 
Unto thy friends this frantic rage . ? 

That in this castle thee up brought, 635 

And still have given thee meat and wage ? 

10 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 35 

" Now since thy faith is falsified 

To them that gave thee meat and fee, 

It is a token to be tried, 
That thou wilt not prove true to me. 640 

u Therefore for this, thy traitorous trick, 

Thou shalt be tied in a trace: 
Hangman," quoth he, " therefore be quick, 

The groom shall gain no better grace." — 

What he had said fore-past was nought, 64 5 
The King's judgment was worthy praise ; 

If he in all things had so wrought, 
Belike he had driven forth more days. 

By this time came the pricking post, 
And made the Earl to understand, 650 

How that the King, with a great host, 
Already entered had the land. 

Which when the Earl of Surrey knew, 

It was but vain to bid him hast; 
He sent to all his friends full true, 655 

That they their men should muster fast. 



3» FLODDEN-FIELD. 

And shortly sent to every shire, 

That the first day of September, 
Both gentlemen, knights, lords, and squire, 

Unto Newcastle should repair. 660 

Then with five hundred soldiers stout, 

Himself set forth in fine array, 
And neither stint, nor staid his foot, 

But strait to Durham took his way. 

Where he devoutly did hear mass, 665 

And worshipt God, his maker dear ; 

Then pray'd the prayer of that place, 
Saint Cuthbert's banner for to bear. 

Then strait he to Newcastle came, 

Of August on the thirtieth day ; 670 

Where many a nobleman of fame 
To him did draw without delay. 

There doughty Dacres did him meet, 
And brought with him a burly band 

Of warlike wights, right well replete, 67i 

From Westmoreland and Cumberland. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 37 

Sir Marmaduke Constable stout, 
Accompanied with his seemly sons ; 

Sir William Bulmer with his rout, 

Lord Clifford with his clapping guns. 680 

Then from Newcastle 'gan he flit, 
And took his way to Alnwick town ; 

That weary men with weather bit 

Might have the more easement and room. 

Then might you see on every side, 685 

The ways all filFd with men of war; 

Here, silken streamers waving wide, 
And helmets high glist'ring afar. 

From Lancashire and Cheshire fast, 

They to the lusty Stanley drew ; 690 

From Hornby whereas he in hast 
Set forward with a comely crew. 

What banners brave before him blazed ! 

The people mused where he did pass ; 
Poor husbandmen were much amazed, 695 

And women wond'ring cried, alas ! 



38 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Young wives did weep in woful cheer, 
To see their friends in harness drest; 

Some rent their clothes, some tore their hair, 
Some held their babes unto their breast. 700 

And woful mothers mourning stood 
Viewing their sons in harness horse ; 

And shouting shriek'd, when they forth rode, 
And of their lives took little force. 

But who could plainly express with pen 705 
What masses said on hallowed stone ; 

What prayers of religious men, 

What sacred service eke was done ? 

That Stanley might come safe away, 

And victor valiantly return, 7 10 

The bells did sound a night and day, 
And sacred fires bright did burn. 

Men with grey heads drew to their beads, 
And fast their prayers poured out; 

Old wives for woe did wag their heads, 715 
And saints were sought on naked foot. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 39 

But Stanley over Stainmore strait 
Did pass, and resting there did view 

A banner brave, born up on height, 
Whereunder went a warlike crew. 720 

" What lusty troop is yon I see ?" 

Sir Edward Stanley he did cry : 
A yeoman said — " It is, I see, 

" Bryan Tunstal that bold esquire. 

" For in his banner I behold 725 

A cock curling as he would crow; 

He brings with him his tenants bold, 
An hundred men at least I know." — 

Then said the Stanley where he stood, 729 
" Would Christ that he would take our part, 

His clear and undefined blood, 

Good speed doth promise at my heart. 

" Blaze out, therefore, I bid you soon, 
The Earl of Derby's banner brave ; 

Perchance with us he will be one, 735 

When it in sight he shall perceive." 



40 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

But Tunstal took no heed that tide, 

Without saluting forth he went ; 
T f on the va'iant Howard's side, 

His faithful heart he fixed fast. 740 

Then said the Stanley where he stood, 
" O doughty lads, draw up your hearts; 

Be not amazed in your mood, 

For Tunstal will not take our parts, 

fe Set forward, sirs" — then did he say, 745 

" Unto the Howards let's make hast." — 

And being sore wearied with the way, 
At Alnwick they arrived at last. 

Whose coming greatly did rejoice 

The Earl and all his company ; 750 

Who hut the eagle bare the voice, 

With wings wapped as he would flee ? 

At Alnwick while the army increased, 
The weather waxt both foul and wet ; 

With rain down rattling never ceased, 755 

That every brook burst forth on float. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 41 

Such rustling winds, such blustering blast, 
Down rushing day and night did sound ; 

Which made the Earl full sore agast 

His son Lord Admiral should be drown'd;76l> 

Which at his parting promise plight, 

To his father, if he were alive, 
At Newcastle, with main and might, 

His fleet in merry 'ray to 'rive. 

Which promise he did fully keep, 765 

Sir Neptune did such friendship shew ; 

And safely then, him and his fleet, 
In happy haven did bestow. 

Then soldiers soon he set on land, 

And to hjs father fast he hied, 770 

With warlike wights, a worthy band, 

Two thousand men, at least, well tried, 

With captains courageous and keen : 

At Alnwick they arrived at last ; 
Whom, when the Earl his army had seen, 775 

With sudden fear they were agast. 



42 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

For seeing their armour black as ink, 
Some said it was a Scottish band, 

And many did esteem and think, 
They were some force from foreign land. 780 

Some took their harness, some their horse, 
And forward fast busied to fight ; 

But when they saw St George's cross, 
And English arms borne up on hight : 

Some said it was some jolly crew 785 

The King had sent from France that tide; 

The southern men the sooth soon knew, 
And loud, " Lord Admiral,'' they cried. 

Who, when the Earl of Surrey saw, 

He thanked God with heart so mild, 790 

And hands for joy to heaven did throw, 
His son was saved from waters wild. 

A merry meeting there was seen, 

For first they kist and then embraced ; 

For joy the tears fell from their e'en ; 795 

All forepast fears were then defaced. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 48 

Then caused the Earl each captain count 
Under their wings what soldiers were ; 

Which done, the number did but mount 
To six-and-twenty thousand there. 800 

The Earl then call'fl a council soon 
Of prudent lords and captains wise ; 

And how the battle might be done, 
He bade them shew their best device, 

Some said, too small their number was 805 
To atchieve so great an enterprize ; 

Some counselled posts back for to pass 
For aid, and cause the countries rise. 

And from the south the Queen, some, said, 
A band of soldiers soon would send ; 810 

And wilFd to stay ; for whiles they staid, 
Their powers daily might amend. 

Some said, the Scots would flee strait way ; 

Their powers daily would diminish ; 
Wherefore their counsel was to stay: 815 

Thus the Earl Surrey did admonish. 



44 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Up start the Admiral then in ire. 

And stamping stood with stomach hot : 

« Why, sir !" said he there to his sire, 

" Hath cowardice lent you his coat ? 820 

ec Let ne'er King Henry hear for shame, 
That you should play this dastard part ; 

Let it ne'er be blown by trump of fame, 
That you should bear a coward's heart. 

<s Hath not King Henry left you here, 825 

His lieutenant to rule the land ; 
Trusting that fiercely, without fear, 

The scoulding Scots you would withstand \ 

" Think on your father's valiance, 

How fierce he fought at Bos worth-Field ; 830 
Till time that he by Stanley's lance 

With grievous wounds his life did yield i 

u Would God," quoth he, " my brother Edward 
Were here alive this present day ! 

No foes there could have made him fear'd 835 
In camp here like a coward to stay. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 45 

<e What royal fame, what high renown, 
Hath he left to his line and race; 

What ample glory would him crown, 

If life had lasted longer space ! 84$ 

* The sea he did both sweep and scoure ; 

No pirate proud durst 'pear in sight ; 
Not Pirate John, for all his power, 

That great renowned Lothian knight. 

" How oft the royal fleet of France 845 

In cruel conflict by him was grieved ; 

If he had 'scaped one fatal chance, 

What worthy acts might have atchieved ! 

" No multitudes made him dismayed, 

Nor numbers great his stomack 'swage ; 850 

Great shame then would to us be laid, 
And to our offspring in each age ; 

" Your father's fame then should be 'filed, 
His worthy facts should be forgot ; 

The chief renown eke of your child, 855 

Your beastish acts should clear out-blot : 



46 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

(< If ye lie loit'ring here like loons, 
And do not fight yon Scots again ; 

For still we hear how English towns 

Are sack'd, and sucking babes are slain. 860 

" And daily they pilfer each place, 

And spoil the people all about ; 
Wherefore let's stay no longer space, 

But now step forth with stomach stout/* 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 47 



FIT THE FOURTH. 

Then the Earl of Surrey again replied, 865 

And to his son thus gan he say : 
" No bashfulness doth make me bide, 

Nor stomach faint doth make me stay : 

<s The cause is, for no cowardice 

So long time here we make delay ; 870 

But that I fear this enterprise 

Will prove no childish sport or play. 

" Wise councils then must be embraced, 

And let us careful think upon 
Our cards, them both to count and cast, 875 

For great's the bus'ness to be done. 

* Too hardy oft good hap doth hazard ; 

And over bold oft is not best; 
That prove I by my son sir Edward, 

Who ever was too bold off Brest. 880) 



48 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

" He had been man alive this day, 
If he with counsel wise had wrought; 

But he was drown'd in Bartrumb's Bay, 
This end his great boldness him brought. 

" My father, at King Richard's field, 885 

Under the Stanley's lance lay slain 

And I a captive there did yield ; 

Our manhood great got us this gain. 

" We might have 'scaped that scurvy day, 
If warning could our wits have bet : 890 

A friend of ours, to cause us stay, 
Upon my father's gate had set 

<f A certain scroll, whose scripture said ; 

e Jack of Norfolk be not too bold,' — 
And under that in verse was laid ; — 895 

' Dicon, thy master, is bought and sold.' — 

" My father fighting fierce was slain, 
King Richard 'reaved of life and crown ; 

Such goodly guerdon oft they gain, 
Who rashly run to get renown. 900 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 49 

" For see the Duke of York was brought 

At Wakefield to his fatal fall, 
Who might have 'scaped, if he had wrought 

The counsel wise of David Hall. 

" I read of conquerors and kings, 905 

For lack of counsel cast away ; 
Now since at hand such danger hings. 

Our counsel we had need to say. 

" It is not I am fraught with fear ; 

Nor for myself such thought I take; 910 
But for young babes and infants dear, 

Which fathers sore I fear will lack. 

" Such fortune falls through fights doubtless ; 

Poor widows plenty shall be left, 
And many a servant masterless, 915 

And mothers of their sons bereft. 

<e This is the cause I counsel crave, 
This is the cause I cast such doubts ; 

I'd rather one English soldier save, 

Than for to kill a thousand Scots. Q2Q 



50 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

" I can no kind of compass cast, 
But many a life there must be lost; 

And many a tall man death must taste, 
The Scots are such a mighty host. 

te The Prince himself is there present, 925 

With all his peers prepared for war ; 

With barons, knights, and commons, bent, 
A hundred thousand men they are. 

<e Put case our total English power 

Were ready drest and made in meat ; 930 
They at meals two would us devour ; 

The Scottish army is so great. 

■" Therefore let each man's mind be exprest, 
How that these Scots we may convince ; 

And how to pass this peril best, 9"35 

And save the honour of our Prince ?" — 

Then spake Sir Edward Stanley stout, 
— Fierce on the Earl he fixt his e'en, — 

" What need have we thus for to doubt, 
And be afraid of foes unseen ? 940 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 51 

" Shall we lye loit'ring in this manner, 
And still permit the Scots to rest ? 

Fie ! let them see an English banner, 
And our brave troops how seemly drest. 

" What though our foes be five to one ; 945 
For that let not our stomachs fail ; 

God gives the stroke when all is done ; 
If it please him, we shall prevail. 

<e If antient records we peruse, 
Set forth by famous clerks of old ; 

Which both of Christians, Pagans, Jews, 950 
Plainly describe the battles bold, 

" There may we certain see in fight, 

Many a noble prince and king, 
With populous armies put to flight, 955 

And vanquished by a little wing. 

" With hundreds three Judge Gideon 
The Midean host o'ercame in fight; 

And Jonathan, Saul's son, alone 
The fierce Philistians put to flight. 960 



52 FLODDEN-FIELD, 

" So Judas Machabeus, the man 

Of foremost fame amongst all knights; 

Who can describe what fields he wan, 
With handfuls small of warlike wights. 

" The mighty Macedonian Prince, 965 

With a small puissance and power, 

King Darius' host did all convince, 
Who for one was in number four. 

" The great renowned Roman peers, 

— Their glorious praise shall never blin, 970 

Nor fame, that daily fills men's ears — 
Through numbers great did never win. 

" For Titus Livius doth protest, 

The less their power, the more their gain ; 
When they were most they wan the least ; 975 

The greater press more people slain. 

" Example : at Cannae's fierce conflict 

So many nobles there were slain, 
That bushels three there were collect 

Of rings from dead-men's fingers drawn. 980 



' FLODDEN-FIELD. 53 

ec Where Scipio with numbers small 

Of warlike wights of lusty blood, 
In field to flight put Hannibal, 

And burnt with fire Carthage proud. 

" What farther need I for to seek 985 

Of Christian kings, the manful acts ? 

Since yet the fame doth record reeke 
Of Henry with his famous facts. 

** All Europe yet afresh doth sound 

Of his high prowess with report ; 990 

What standards stout brought he to ground, 

With numbers small at Agincourt. 

te All France yet tremble th to hear talk, 
What nobles unto death were dight ; 

Two thousand, besides vulgar folk, 995 

Simplest of whom was 'squire or knight. 

" He never stint from war and strife, 

Till th* heir of France he was proclaimed ; 

If fate had lent him longer life, 999 

With English laws all France he had framed. 



54 FLODD EN-FIELD. 

" Of Bedford eke his brother John, 
The Dauphin bet with a small band ; 

Lord Talbot, with his name alone, 

To tremble forced all the French land. 

ff The Earl of Richmond, with small power, 1005 
Of England wan both realm and crown ; 

At Bosworth, where the raging Boar, 
With all his host, was overthrown. 

" So though the Scottish host be great, 

Let us not stint, but them withstand ; 1010 

In battle bold we shall them beat, 
For God will help us with his hand. 

" If we in field be fighting slain, 

And be in battle brought to ground ; 

Unceasing praise then shall we gain, 1015 

Men will our fame for aye out-sound. 

" The rnem'ry of our great manhood 
'Mongst Englishmen for aye shall last ; 

And then for vengeance of our blood, 
King Henry home from France will hast. 1020 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 55 

ee Our kinsfolk and our cousins free., 

Will wreak our deaths with doleful dint ; 

Till time that they revenged be, 

From sturdy strokes they will not stint. 

" Our ghosts shall go to God on high, 1025 
Though bodies vile to death be dight ; 

In better cause we cannot die, 

Than fighting for our country's right, 

<e Put case the lot light contrary ; 

— As firm my faith is fixt it shall — 1030 
And we do gain the victory, 

Good fortune then will us befall ; 

<e And that we give our foes the foil, 
What worthy praise then shall we win ! 

What mighty prey, what plenteous spoil, 1035 
What prisoners of princely kin ! 

u The Prince is there himself King James, 
With prelates passing rich in pride : 

Fifty great lords there are of fame, 1039 

Great barons, knights, and 'squires beside ; 



56 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

" Whose tents if standing they be found, 
When fight is done, I do not fear, 

But for ent'ring our English ground, 
Their charges they shall pay full dear. 

" Such fate shall them befal, I trust, 1045 

As elders theirs have done before ; 

Who into England seld did brust, 
But they were brust in battle sore. 

" Their mighty Mars, King Malchomy, 

Did valiantly this land invade ; 1050 

At Tinmoth he was forced to flee, 
And slain was by an English blade. 

" King David unto Durham came, 
Who with the Scots in pitched field 

For all their pride, yet lost the game ; 1055 
King David there did captive yield. 

<( What shall I farther mention make 
Of Henry the fourth, how in his days 

The Earl of Murray and Lord Mordack, 
Angus and Douglass prickt with praise, 1060 



FLODD EN-FIELD. §7 

" Did enter in Northumberland, 
And murdered men without mercy; 

Were they not bet by a small band 
In battle, by Sir Henry Percy ? 

"The story saith, who list to look, 1065 

Ten thousand Scots in field were slain ; 

And through the valiant Percy's stroke, 
Those Earls his captives did remain, 

" Such luck I trust to our foes shall light, 
And all that wars do raise in wrong ; 1070 

Wherefore against them let us fight ; 
What shame we loiter here so long ! 

" If any seem abased to be, 

That we in battle shall be bet : 
Cheshire and Lancashire with me, 1075 

Shall give the Scots the first onset." — 

When this was said, the Stanley stout, 

All silent, down did sit in place : 
The eyes of all the lords about, 

Were fixt upon his valiant face, 1080 



58 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

His wisdom great all wondered at, 
And all his manful proffer praised ; 

All they that would have lingered late, 
Their courage keen was now upraised. 

Now they that lately would have staid, 1085 
With foremost cried forth to the field ; 

With one voice the Earl they prayed, 
That Stanley might the vanguard wield. 

But on that side the Earl of Surrey 1090 

Wext deaf, for why, he could not hear : 

For stirred up now with Stanley's glory, 
His rancour old he did uprear. 

Quoth he, " The King's place I supply ; 

At pleasure mine all things shall bide ;" — 
Then on each captain he did cry, 1095 

In presence to appear that tide. 

That done, straitway he did ordain 
His battle brief, on this same sort; 

Whose order and array right plain 

With pen I shall make true report. 1 100 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 59 



FIT THE FIFTH. 

For when Stanley, with stomach stout, 
Did valiantly the vanguard crave ; 

The old Earl of Surrey sore did doubt, 
That he too high honour should have, 

If fortune good fell on his part, 1105 

And valiant victor did return : 
— 'Gainst Stanley's blood such hateful heart 

In Surrey's breast did boiling burn. 

Wherefore in foreward first of all, 

Chief captain constituted he 1110 

His loving son Lord Admiral, 

With soldiers such as came from sea, 

Whom doughty lords associated 

With barons bold and hardy knights ; 

Lord Ogle, who, as then, did lead 1 115 

A lordly band of warlike wights. 



€0 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

In order next the Admiral, 

The lusty knight, Lord Clifford went, 
Who had been shroud in shepherd's earn, 

While twice twelve years were gone and spent. 

For when his father at Wakefield 1121 

The Duke of York his son had slain, 

By friends in this wise was concealed, 
Till th' Earl of Richmond 'gan his reign ; 

Who him restored to all his right, 1125 

And seated him in his sire's land ; 

Or else to death he had been dight, 

While the house of York had the up-hand. 

Now, like a captain bold, he brought 

A band of lusty lads elect ; 1 130 

Whose curious coats, cunningly wrought, 
With dreadful dragons were bedeckt. 

From Penigent to Pen die-hill, 

From Linton to Longadingham ; 
And all that Craven coasts did till, 1135 

They with the lusty Clifford came. 



FLODDEN-FIELD, 61 

All Staincliffe hundred went with him, 
With striplings strong from Whorledale ; 

And all that Hauton-hills did climb, 
With Langstroth eke and Litton Dale, 1 140 

Whose milk-fed fellows fleshly bred, 

Well bound, with sounding bows upbend ; 

All such as Horton fells had fed, 
On Clifford's banner did attend. 

Next whom Lord Lomly and Latimer, 1 145 
Were equal matcht with all their power ; 

With whom was next their neighbours near, 
Lord Coniers stout and stiff in stoure, 

With many a gentleman and 'squire, 

From Rippon, Ripley, and Ryedale; 1150 

With them marcht forth all Massamshire, 
With Noisterfield and Netherdale ; 

With till-men taught in harness store, 

Which turned the furrows of Mitton-field ; 

With bill-men bold from Blackamore, 1155 
Most warlike wights these lords did wield. 



6% FLODDEN-FXELD. 

Next whom was placed with all his power 
Lord Scroop of Upsall, th ? aged knight ; 

Sir Stephen Bull, so stiff in stour, 1 160 

Was match'd next him with all his might. 

Sir Walter Aufi tb, sage and grave, 
Was with Sir Henry Sherburn bent, 

And under Buhner's banner brave, 
The whole bishopric of Durham went. 

Whom ensued Sir Christopher Ward, 1165 
With him Sir Edward Effingham ; 

Next went Sir Nicholas Appleyard, 
Sir Metham, Sidney, Averingham. 

All these in foremost battle bold, 

These valiant wights in vanguard were; 1170 
Seven thousand men ; number'd and told, 

Simplest of whom bare bow or spear. 

Then the Earl Sir Edmond Howard 

? Gan call, whom marshall soon he made ; 

* My son," said he, " now soon set forth, 1 175 
With valiant heart the Scots invade. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 63 

" Chief captain of the right-hand wing 

To brother thine I thee ordain ; 
Full surely see thou serve the king, 

Employ thy power, let for no pain. 11 80 

" Of southern soldiers hundreds two, 

Under thy wing shall wend with thee f — 

A thousand thanks Sir Edmund though, 
Did render to his father free. 

With him was matcht as equal mate, 1185 

Bryan Tunstal, a trusty 'squire ; 
Whose stomach stout nought could abate, 

Nor ought could swage his bold desire. 

The glory of his grandsire old, 

The famous acts eke of his sire, 1190 

His blood untainted made him bold, 

And stirr'd his stomach hot as fire. 

For when debate did first begin, 

And rancour raised most rueful work, 

And ruffling ruled this realm within 1 195 

Twixt Lancaster and th' house of York ; 



64 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

During which hurly-burly and strife, 

Were murthered many a mother's child ; 

And many a lord bereaved of life, 

And noble house with blood defiled ; 1200 

But this man's father, void of fear, 
While in this realm such ruffling was ; 

To Henry the Sixth did still adhere, 
And for no pains would from him pass. 

For he to York would never yield, 1205 

For all the struggling stir and strife ; 

Nine times he fiercely fought in field, 
So oft in danger was his life. 

And when the King was captive caught, 

And the Earl of Warwick overthrown, 1210 

To save his life best means he sought, 
And was in bark to Britain blown, 

And with th' Earl of Richmond remained, 
And lords of the Lancastrian kin ; 1214 

When th' Earl at length the garland gained, 
And did fair England's empire win ; 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 65 

He rendered Tunstal to his right, 

And knowing his pure blood unblamed, 
He eke did cause this trusty knight, 
• Undefiled Tunstal to be named. 1220 

Most fierce he fought at Thallian Field, 
Where Martin Swart on ground lay slain ; 

Where rage did reign he never reel'd, 
But like a rock did still remain. 

Now came this man, amongst the rest, 1225 
To match his father in manhood : 

For battle ready bent and prest, 
With him a band of lusty blood. 

Next went Sir Bold and Butler brave, 

Two lusty knights of Lancashire ; 1230 

Then Barkerton bold, and Bygod grave, 
With Warcop wild, a worthy 'squire. 

Next Richard Chomley and Chiston stout, 
With men of Hadfield and of Hull ; 

Lawrence of Dun with all his rout, 1235 

The people fresh with them did pull. 



60 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

John Clartice then was 'nexed near, 
With Stapylton of stomach stern ; 

Next whom Fitzwilliam forth did fare, 

Who martial feats was not to learn. 1240 

These captains keen, with all their might, 
In right-hand wing did warlike wend ; 

All these, on Edmond Howard, knight, 
The Earl his sire ordained t'attend. 

Then next the left-hand wing did wield 1245 

Sir Marmaduke Constable old ; 
With him a troop well tried in field, 

And eke his sons and kinsfolk bold. 

Next him Sir William Percy proud, 1250 

Went with the great Earl Percy's power ; 

From Lancashire of lusty blood, 
A thousand soldiers, stiff in stowre. 

The Earl himself can undertake 

Of the rearward the regiment; 
Whom barons bold did bravely back, 1255 

And southern soldiers, seemly bent. 
s 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 6T 

Next whom in place was 'nexed near, 
Lord Scroop of Bolton stern and stout ; 

On horseback who had not his peer ; 1260 

No Englishman, Scots more did doubt. 

With him did wend all Wensadale, 
From Morton unto Moisdale-Moor ; 

All they that dwelt by the banks of Swale, 
With him were bent in harness stour. 

From Weresdale warlike wights did wend, 1265 
From Bishop's-dale went bowmen bold ; 

From Coverdale to Cotter-end, 
And all to Kidston causeway cold. 

From Mollerstang and Midleham, 

And all from Mask and Midleconby ; 1270 
And all that climb the mountain Cam, 

Whose crown from frost is seldom free. 

With lusty lads, and large of length, 
Which dwelt at Seimerwater side ; 

All Richmondshire, its total strength 1275 
The lusty Scroop did lead and guide. 



68 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Next went Sir Philip Tilney tall, 

With him Sir Thomas Barkley brave, 

Sir John Radcliffe in arms royal, 

With Sir William Gascoin grave. 1280 

Next whom did pass with all his rout 
Sir Christopher Pickering proud, 

With Sir Bryan Stapylton stout ; 
Two valiant knights of noble blood. 

Next with Sir John Stanley there yede 1285 
The Bishop of Ely's servants bold ; 

Sir Lionel Percy eke did lead 

Some hundred men well tried and told. 

Next went Sir Mimham Markinfil 

In armour coat of cunning work ; 1290 

The next went Sir John Maundevill, 

With him the citizens of York. 

Sir George Darcy in banner bright, 

Did bear a bloody broken spear; 
Next went Sir Magnus with his might, 1295 

And Chestane bold of lusty chear. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 69 

Sir Guy Dawnie with his glorious rout, 
Then Mr Dawbie's servants bold, 

Then Richard Tempest with his rout 

In rereward thus their 'ray did hold. 1300 

The right-hand wing with all his rout, 

The lusty Lord Dacres did lead ; 
With him the bows of Kendal stout, 

With milk-white coats and crosses red. 

All Keswick eke and Cockermouth, 1305 

And all from Copeland's craggy hills ; 

All Westmoreland, both north and south, 
Whose weapons were great weighty bills. 

All Carlisle eke and Cumberland, 

They with the Dacres proud did pass; 1310 
From Branton, and from Broughly sands, 

From Graystone, and from Ravens-Glass. 

With striplings strong from Stainmoor side, 
And Austin-Moor-men marched even, 

All those that Gilsland grave did hide, 1315 
With horsemen light from Hesham-Leven. 



10 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

All these did march in Dacres' band, 
All these ensued his banner broad ; 

No lustier lord was in the land, 
Nor more might boast of birth and blood. 1320 

Many houses strong and huge of height, 
Were all his own to give or sell ; 

Fair baronies for his birthright, 
For heritage to him befell. 

These royal lords thus 'ray did hold, 1325 

With ranges, ranks, and warlike wings ; 

But yet the man is left untold, 

On whom the matter wholly hings ; 

Whose worthy praise and prowess great, 
Whose glorious fame shall never blin ; 1330 

Nor Neptune never shall forget 
What land he hath left to his kim 

Sir Edward Stanley stiff in stour, 
He is the man of whom I mean ; 

With him did pass a mighty power, 1335 

Of soldiers seemly to be seen. 



FLODD EN-FIELD. 71 

Most liver lads in Lonsdale bred, 
With weapons of unwieldy weight; 

All such as Tatham-Fells had fed, 

Went under Stanley's streamer bright. 1340 

From Bolland billmen bold were boun, 
With such as Botton-Banks did hide ; 

From Wharemore up to Whitington, 
And all to Wenning Water side. 

From Silverdale to Kent-Sand side, 1345 

Whose soil is sown with cockle-shells ; 

From Cartmei eke and Conny-side 
With fellows fierce from Furney's fells. 

All Lancashire for the most part, 

The lusty Stanley stout did lead ; 1350 

A stock of striplings, strong of heart, 

Brought up from babes with beef and bread. 

From Warton unto Warrington, 

From Wigan unto Wiresdale, 
From Wedicar to Waddington, 1355 

From old Ribchester to Ratchdale, 



12 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

From Poulton and Preston with pikes, 
They with the Stanley stout forth went ; 

From Pemberton and Pilling Dikes, 

For battle billmen bold were bent. 1360 

With fellows fresh and fierce in fight, 

Which Horton Fields turn'd out in scores ; 

With lusty lads, liver and light, 

From Blackburn and Bolton i'th Moors. 

With children chosen from Cheshire, 1365 

In armour bold for battle drest ; 
And many a gentleman and 'squire 

Were under Stanley's streamer prest. 

Thus Stanley stout, the last of all, 

Of the rereward the rule did wield ; 1370 
Which done, to Bolton in Glendale, 

The total army took the field. 

Where all the council did consent, 
That Rougecross to the Scottish King 

Strait with instructions should be sent, 1375 
To know his Majesty's meaning. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. *3 



FIT THE SIXTH. 

And whereas the castle of Ford 

He threatneth for to overthrow ; 
Rougecross was charged word for word, 

The Earl's intention to let him know : 1380 

That if his Grace would so agree 

To suffer that same fort to stand, 
And William Heron send home free, 

Who then was captive in Scotland ; 

Whereto if the King would condescend, 1385 

The Earl promised to restore, 
And to the King straightway to send 

Of his countrymen captives four, 

Lord Johnston and Sir Sandy Hume, 

Sir Richard Hume and William Carr — 1390 

And where the King did sore presume 
In wrongful sort to stir up war 



U FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Against King Henry his brother-in-law, 

And commons cruelly did kill ; 
His piles and forts did fierce down throw, 13 ( J5 

And English blood spared not to spill : 

The Earl did charge the herald straight 

To certify the said Scotch King, 
That he in field with him would fight, 

On Friday then next following. 1400 

And yet ere Rougecross forth did fare, 

Lord Admiral took him aside, 
And bade him to the King declare 

His coming and access that tide : 

That he from sea descended was, 1405 

With all his total power and might ; 

And that in forward with his Grace 
He should him find fit for to fight ; 

And when the Scots on him did call 

At days of March to make redress 1410 

For Andrew Barton their Admiral, 

Whom he with bloody blade did bless ; 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 75 

Now he was come in person prest, 
The said Sir Andrew's death to vouch ; 

And if it in his power doth rest, 1415 

Quoth he, " I shall serve him with such. 

" For there shall no Scot 'scape unslain, 
(The King in person sole except) 

For so of th' Scots/' quoth he, again, 
c< No other mercy I expect." — 1420 

And yet ere Rougecross went his way, 

The Earl and council did expect 
That the Scotch King, without delay, 

An herald would again direct. 

Wherefore Rougecross commanded there, 1425 
No Scotchman near the field to bring ; 

Lest he their conduct might declare, 
And thereby dangers great might spring. 

Then Rougecross ready took his horse, 

Bedeckt in coat of arms most brave ; 1430 

With him did wend a trumpet hoarse, 
That Scots their coming might perceive. 



76 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Their geldings were both good and light, 
From galloping they seldom staid ; 

Till at the length they viewed in sight 14S5 
Whereas their enemy's army laid. 

The Scots' watch them anon descried, 
And them conveyed before the King ; 

Where he with barons bold did bide : 1439 
Whom Rougecross did on knees kneeling, 

With seemly salutation greet ; 

And after, his instructions straight 
Each one exprest in order meet ; 

And letters 'livered there in sight : 1444 

Whom, when the King of Scots had heard., 
And eke had viewed his letters large ; 

E'en frantic-like he fuming fared, 

And, bombard-like, did boasts discharge. 

" If true," quoth he, " let be exprest 
Thou herald sent, anon recite ; 1450 

And was your Earl so bold of breast, 
Thus proudly to a Prince to write ? 



FLODDEN-FIELD, 7T 

a But since he seems to be so rough, 

I swear/' quoth he, " by sceptre and crown, 

In faith, he shall have fighting enough, 1455 
On Friday before sun go down. 

<e For here to God I promise plight, 

We never pass will from this hill 
Till we have tried your Earl's whole might, 

And. given their folkes fighting their fill. 

" Because he vexed our land of late, 1461 

Perchance his stomach is extolled ; 

But now we will withstand his Grace, 

Or thousand pates shall there be polled." — 

To presence then he called his peers, 1465 

To whom he read the Earl his bill ; 

And audience given with ireful ears ; 
Some said, " It came of little skill 

<€ An Earl of so simple a shire 

To 'nointed king such words to write !" — 1470 
Some bade the schedule cast in fire ; — 

Some for to speak did spare for spight ; 



?8 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Some said the herald of 's own head 
Such talk extempore did express ; 

And counsel'd with all possible speed 1475 
An herald hastily to address ; 

To know of the Earl of Surrey plain, 

If he such message did procure ; 
And till the time he turned again 

The English herald to make sure. 1480 

Whereto the King did soon consent, 
And Rougecross sure in safety kept, 

And home with English trumpet sent 
An herald, by name Hay yclept : 

Who was commanded for to know 1485 

Of the Earl and his council sage, 
If Rougecross truth to him did shew ; 

Or, if he had sent such message ; 

And if he tidings true had brought, 

And to his Grace avouched no lie ; 14Q0 

The King in mind anon forethought 
How he the Earl might certify. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 19 

Wherefore he Hay instructed strait 

With letters large and loquintue ; 1494 

Which done, they soon set forth the night, 

And towards the English camp they drew. 

But at a little village poor 
Hay did light, and took lodging ; 

For the army was two miles or more, 1499 

Whiles the trumpet shews of his coming. 

The night was even at midst well near, 
And the English lords lying on grass ; 

Till time the trumpet did appear, 
And told Earl Surrey all the case : 

How that the Scots they did detain 1505 

Rougecross, and credit would him not; 

And for to know the truth more plain, 
The King himself had sent a Scot ; 

Which he constrained for to stay, 

And lodged then in a little village ; 1510 
Lest he their order might display, 

Which might turn to the Scots' advantage* 



80 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Which when the Earl understood, 

He viewed the Scotchmen's dealings all; 

And in a sound and sober mood 1515 

He strait did on his council call, 

Where he in presence did report 

The total tale the trumpet told : 
The council mused, with marvel great, 

Why. Scots their herald did withhold : 1520 

Not any cause could they conject, 

But all surmises were deferred ; 
And sage advice was clean defect, 

Till they the Scottish herald heard. 

Wherefore as soon as Phoebus fair 1525 

Dame Luna's light and stars did stain, 

And burning in the fiery chair, 

His startling steeds hail'd forth amain : 

The Earl and his council sage 

To horseback then they hied around ; 153® 
And every man did bring his page 

To hold their horses in that stound. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 81 

But when they stept within the street, 
The Scot was scarce from cabbage got 

Where he the English lords did greet 1535 
With little court'sie like a Scot, 

Which done, the Earl did command 
His message he should manifest : 

Then Hay hastily out of hand 

His chiefest charge anon exprest. 1540 

*' My soverain Lord/' quoth he, " King James, 
Would of your honour gladly hear, 

If Rougecross was charged in your name 
Such bold word to his Grace to bear. 

<e My master doth mistrust his words 1545 

With leasing to be understood ; 
Likewise do all our peerless lords :" — 

Then soon he told what Rougecross said. 

Quoth th' Earl, " What doth thy master mean, 
Of herald ours to make such dread ? 155Q 

His message for to forge or feign 
Of leasing we do stand no need. 



82 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

" Our herald's words we'll justify, 

For verity he did reveal ; 
His writings eke the same will try 1555 

Which of our arms do bear the seal. 

" Wherefore I of thy master muse, 

Our herald why he handleth so; 
And 'gainst all reason doth refuse 

Our message to make answer to." — 1560 

Then Hay again to him replied, — 
<( I say, quoth he, so said my lord ; 

And to your message at this tide 
I shall make answer word for word, 

" And for Ford Castle, first of all^ 1565 

Which to preserve ye did make suit ; 

To save the same from fire and fall 
My master thereto biddeth mute. 

* And for the owner of the fort, 

Who William Heron hath to name ; 1570 
My master says, to shew you short, 

He will not answer to the same. 



FLODD EN-FIELD. 83 

ee For Johnston and Sir Sandy Hume, 
Richard Hume and William Carr, 

Our Prince himself in person's come 1575 

Them to redeem by dint of war. 

" If ye your message dare make good, 

On Friday next in field to fight; 
My master with a manful mood 

To mighty Jove hath promised plight, 1580 

<e For to abide the battle bold, 

And give your folks fighting their fill : 

And that your Lordship shew I should 
So grateful be his Grace until, 

" As any Earl all England thorough; 1585 

For if he had such message sent, 
He being at home at Edinborough, 

Would gladly have answer'd your intent. 

" Now if with dint of sword ye dare 

Abide his Grace in battle bold, 1590 

On Friday next, he craves no far. 
My message whole now I have told." — 



U FLODDEN-FIELD. 

A thousand thanks the Earl there 

Unto the Royal King did yield, 
Whose princely heart did not forbear, 1595 

So simple a lord to meet in field. 

And then a valiant vow he plight, 
That he the battle bold would bide, 

And on prefixed day to fight ; 
Which done, he did command that tide, 1600 

The Scottish herald, Hay clept, 
A season there he should sojourn, 

And in safe custody be kept, 

Till time that Rougecross did return. 

When as the Earl Hay heard, 1605 

Straight to the King his servant sent, 

Who to the King all things declared, 
With the Earl's answer and intent. 

The King then Rougecross did discharge, 
Who hied home to th' Earl in hast ; 1610 

Then Hay was let go at large 
When Rougecross came, who was kept fast. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. e5 

Then Rougecross did make true report, 
To th' Earl and captains in like case, 

As he had seen, and in what sort, 1615 

The Scottish King encamped was : 

Even on the height of Flodden-Hill, 
Where down below his ordnance lay, 

So strong that no man's study or skill, 
To fight with him could find a way. 1020 

Such mountains steep, such craggy hills, 
His army on th* one side inclose; 

The other side great grizly gills 

Did fence with fenny mire and moss. 

Which, when th£ Earl understood^ 1625 

He council craved of his captains all, 

Who bade set forth with manful mood, 
And take such fortune as would falL 



86 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

I 



FIT THE SEVENTH. 

Whereto the Earl did soon consent, 

And quickly called for a guide, 16SO 

Lest by the way he harm might hent. 
But hark what happened that tide : 

When th' army press'd was to proceed, 
All 'rayed in ranks, ready to fight, 

Came sco wring all in scarlet red, 163.5 

With lusty lance, a horseman light. 

His face with vailed vizard hid, 
Thus plainly have I heard report ; 

Who radly by the ranks did ride, 

And straight to the Earl did resort. l64£ 

All th ? army marvel'd at this man, 

To see him ride in such array ; 
But what he was, or whence he came, 

No wight there was could certain say* 



FLODDEN-FIELD. SJ 

When he the Earl of Surrey saw, 1645 

From saddle light he leaped there, 

And down on knees did lout full low, 
Holding in hand his horse and spear. 

And on this sort he silence brake, 1649 

" My Lord/' quoth he, " Grant me some grace, 

Pardon my life for pitty sake, 

You have the Prince's power and place! 

" Grant at your hand I grace may have ; 

Freely forgive me mine offence, 
Perchance ye shortly shall perceive 1655 

Your kindness I may recompence." — 

Quoth the Earl, " Then note us thy name, 
Belike thou'st done some heinous deed ; 

Thou dare not shew thy face for shame, 

What is thy fact, declare with speed? 1660 

(( If thou hast wrought some treason, tell. 
Or English blood by murther spilt ; 

Or thou hast been some rude rebel, 
Else we will pardon thee thy guilt/'— 



88 FLODDEN-FIEUJ. 

Then he to the Earl did reply, 1663 

And say, " My Lord, for offence such, 

The total world I do defie ; 

With treason me no man can touch ! 

** I grant indeed I wrong have wrought, 

Yet disobedience was the worst ; 167$ 

Else I am clear from deed or thought, 
And extremes thereto me have forced. 

" And as for murthering Englishmen, 

I never hurt man, maid, or wife : 
Howbeit, Scots some nine or ten 1675 

At least I have bereaved of life : 

" Else I in time of wealth or want, 

Still to my King persisted true \ 
Wherefore, good Lord, my life do grant, 

My name then shortly I shall shew." — 1680 

Quoth th' Earl, " Then pluck up thy heart, 
Thou seems to be no person prave ; 

Stand up at once, lay dread apart, 
Thy pardon free here thou shalt have. 



FLODDEN-FIELB. 89 

*' Thou seems to be a man indeed, 1685 

And of thy hands hardy and wight ; 

Of such a man we shall stand need 

Perchance on Friday next at night." — 

Then on his feet he starts up straight, 

And thanked the Earl at that tide ; 1690 

Then on his horse he leaped light, 
Saying, <e My Lord, ye lack a guide, 

" But I shall you conduct full straight 
To where the Scots encamped are : 

I know of old the Scottish sleight, 1695 

And crafty stratagems of war. 

" Therefore experience hath me taught ; 

Now I shall shew you who I am; 
On Borders here I was up brought, 

And Bastard Hearon is my name"— 170C* 

* What!" quoth the Earl, « Bastard Hearon? 

He died at least now two year since, 
Betwixt Newark and Northampton, 

He perish t through the pestilence. 



00 FLODDEN-FIELB, 

" Our king to death had deemM the man, 1705 
'Cause he the Scottish warden slew, 

And on our Borders first began 
These raging wars for to renew. 

f< But God his purpose did prevent, 

He died of the plague to prove ; 1710 

King Henry his death did since lament ; 
He wondrous well the man did love. 

" Would God ! thy tale were true this tide ; 

Thou Bastard Hearon might be found, 
Thou in this gate should be our guide, 1715 

I wot right well thou knows the ground." — 

4t I am the same," said he again, 
And therewith did unfold his face ; 

Each person then perceived plain ; 

That done, he opened all the case. 1720 

Quoth he, " When I the Scot's warden 
Had with my blade bereaved of breathy 

1 wist well I should get no pardon, 

But sure I was to suffer death. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 91 

<c In haste King Henry for me sent, 1725 

To whom I durst not disobey; 
So towards London straight I went, 

But hark what wile I wrought by th* way. 

u I nought but truth to you shall note : 

That time in many a town and borough, 1 730 

The pestilence was raging hot, 

And raging reigned all England thorough^ 

xe So coming to a certain town, 

1 said I was infected sore, 
And in a lodge they laid me down, 

Where company I had no more, 1735 

* { But my own secret servants three ; 

For townsmen 'fraid for fear did watch ; 
So in that stead no more staid I, 

But homeward by the dark dispatch. 1749 

** My servants secretly that night, 
Did frame a corpse in cunning sort§ 

And on the morrow, as it was lights 
My death did ruefully report j 



92 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

" And so my servants, soon that morn, 174$ 
The corpse to bury made them bown, 

Crying alas ! like men forlorn, 

And seem'd for sorrow to fall down* 

e< The corpse they cunningly conveyed, 

And caused the bells aloud be rung, 1750 

And money to the priest they paid, 
And service for my soul was sung. 

c< Which done, they tidings straight did bring 

Unto King Henry, I was dead ; 
Christ have his soul, then said the King, 1755 

For sure he should have lost his head. 

" If he up to the court had come> 
I promised had so, by Saint Paul ; 

But since God did prevent our doom, 

Almighty Christ forgive his soul. 1760 

" To mansion mine I came at last> 
By journeys nimbly all by night ; 

And now two years or more are past, 
Since I aptly appeared in sight* 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 0S 

s< No wight did weet but I was dead, 1765 
Save my three servants and my wife ; 

Now I am start up in this stead, 

And come again from death to life." — 

Which said, the lords and captains sam, 

From laughing loud could not abstain, 1770 

To hear his gande they had good gam, 
And of his welfare all were fain ; 

Whose policy they had perceived, 
And often times his truth had tried ; 

Which was the cause so sore they craved 1775 
This Hearon brave to be their guide. 

Then forth before he fiercely flew, 
The Borderers bold to him they draw, 

The total army did ensue, 

And came that night to Wooler-Haugh. 1780 

There th' English lords did lodge their host j 
Because the place was plain and dry, 

^nd was within six miles at most, 
Whereas their enemy's host did lie. 



&* FLODDEN-FIELD. 

The morrow next they all removed., 1785* 

Though weather was both foul and ill ; 

Along down by a pleasant flood, 
Which called is the Water of Till. 

And all that day they viewed in sight, 

Whereas the Scots for battle bode ; 1790 

Because the day was spent, that night 
The army lodged at Barmoor wood. 

Then valiantly with the vanguard, 
The morrow next with mature skill, 

The Admiral did march forward, 179*5 

And passed o'er the water of Till. 

At Twizlebridge with ordenance, 

And other engines fit for war, 
His father forth did eke advance, 

And at Millfield, from thence not far, 180O 

With the rear-ward the river past, 
Ail ready in ranks and battle-array : 

They had no need more time to wast, 
For victuals they had none that day ; 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 95 

But black fasting as they were born, 1805 

From flesh, or fish, or other food ; 

Drink had they none two days before, 
But water wan in running flood. 

Yet they such stedful faiths did bear, 

Unto their king and native land, 1810 

Each one to th- t'other then did swear 
'Gainst foes to fight whilst they could stand, 

And never flee while life did last, 

But rather die by dint of sword. 
Thus over plains and hills they passed, 1815 

Until they came to Sandiford, 

A brook of breadth a taylor's yard, 

Where th' Earl of Surrey thus did say : 

" Good fellow-soldiers, be not feared, 

But fight it out like men this day. 1820 

" Like Englishmen now play your parts, 
Bestow your strokes with stomach bold, 

Ye know the Scottish coward hearts, 
And how we scourged them of old. 1824 



00 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

t( Strike but three strokes with stomach stout, 
And shoot each man sharp arrows three, 

And you shall see without all doubt 
The scoulding Scots begin to flee. 

u Think on your country's common wealth, 
In what estate the same shall stand, 1830 

To Englishmen no hope of health, 
If Scots do get the upper hand, 

" If we should not them boldly abide, 
But beast-like backs of them should turn, 

All England north from Trent to Tweed, 1835 
The haughty Scots would harry and burn. 

" Your faithful wives, your daughters pure, 
They would not stick for to defile ; 

Of life none should be safe or sure, 

But murthered be by villains vile. 1 840 

* But if ye'll fight like soldiers fierce, 

So that by force we win the field, 
My tongue cannot tell and rehearse 

What plenteous soil we then shall wield * 



ELODDEN-FIELD. 07 

a Besides all that, perpetual praise 1845 

Throughout all ages we shall gain ; 

And quietly drive forth our days, 
And in perduring peace remain." — 

All sam the soldiers then replied, 

And there to the Earl promised plight, 1850 
There on that bent boldly to bide, 

And never flee, but fiercely fight. 

Then marched forth the men of war, 
And every band their banner shewed, 

And trumpets hoarse were heard afar, 1855 
And glistering harness shining viewed. 

Thus they past forth upon the plain, 
And straight forth by a valley low, 

Where up above on the mountain, 

The Scottish army in sight they saw : 186*0 

Whom they did leave on the left hand, 
And pass forth on the sunny side ; 

Till 'twixt the Scots and Scottish land 
They were conducted by their guide. 



%% FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Now all this while the King of Scots 1865 

Beheld them fair before his e'en ; 

Within his mind drove many doubts, 
Musing what the Englishmen did mean. 

Giles Musgrave was a guileful Greek, 

And friend familiar with the King ; 1S7G 

Who said, " Sir King, if you do seek 
To know the Englishmen's meaning : 

" Ye better notice none can have, 
Than that which I to you shall tell ; 

What they forecast I full conceive, 1875 

I know their purpose passing well. 

" Your marshes they mean for to sack, 
And borders yours to harry and burn, 

Wherefore it's best that we go back, 

From such intent them for to turn." — 1880 

This Musgrave was a man of skill, 

And spake this for a policy, 
To cause the King come down the hill, 

That so the battle tried might be. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 09 

The King gave credit to his words, 1885 

Trusting his talk was void of traine, 

He with consent of all his lords, 

Did march with speed down to the plain. 

By north there was another hill, 

Which Branxton-hill is called by name ; 1890 
The Scots anon did scoure there till, 

Lest the Englishmen should get the same. 

The litter which they left behind, 

And other filth, on fire they set ; 
Whose dusty smoke the wrastling wind 1895 

Even straight between the armies bet. 

Still on the height the Scots them held; 

The Englishmen march on below, 
The smothering smoke the light so feald, 

That neither army other saw. IQ00 

At length the weather waxed clear, 
And smoke consumed within a while ; 

Now both the hosts in distance were 
Not past a quarter of a mile. 



1G0 FLODDEN-F1ELD. 

Then the Admiral did plain aspect, 1905 

The Scots arrayed in battles four ; 

The man was sage and circumspect, 
And soon perceived, that his power 

So great a strength would not gainstand ; 

Wherefore he to his father sent, 1910 

Desiring him straight out of hand, 

With the rear-ward ready to be bent, 

And join with him in equal ground ; 

Whereto the Earl agreed anon : 1914 

Then drums struck up with dreadful sound, 

And trumpets blew with doleful tone. 

Then sounding bows were soon up bent, 
Some did their arrows sharp up take, 

Some did in hand their halberts hent, 

Some rusty bills did ruffling shake. 1920 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 101 



FIT THE EIGHTH, 

Then ordinance great anon out brast. 
On either side with thundering thumps; 

And roaring guns with fire fast 

Then levelled out great leaden lumps. 

With rumbling rage thus Vulcan's art 19-5 
Began this field and fearful fight ; 

But the arch-gunner on the English part, 
The master Scot did mark so right, 

That he with bullet brast his brairi, 

And hurl'd his heels his head above : 1930 
Then piped he such a peel again, 

The Scots he from their ordinance drove. 

So by the Scots artillery, 

The Englishmen no harm did hent; 
But the English gunner grievously 1935 

Them tennis-balls he sousing sent. 



102 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Into the midst of enemy's ranks, 

Where they with ragious claps down rushed: 
Some shouting laid with broken shanks, 

Some crying laid with members crushed. 1940 

Thus the Englishmen with bumbards shot, 
Their foes on heaps down thick they threw, 

But yet the Scots, with stomach stout, 
Their broken ranks did still renew. 

And when the roaring guns did cease, 1945 
To handy strokes they hied apace, 

And with their total power prease, 
To join with enemy face to face. 

The Englishmen their feathered flights 

Sent out anon from sounding bow, 1950 

Which wounded many warlike wights, 
And many a groom to ground did throw. 

The grey goose wing did work such grief, 
And did the Scots so scour and skail ; 

For in their oattle, to be brief, 1955 

They rattling flew as rank as hail : 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 1«3 

That many a soldier on the soil 

Lay dead that day through dint of darts ; 
The arrows keen kept such a coil, 

And wounded many wight men's hearts, I960 

And pierced the scalp of many a Scot, 
So that on ground they groaning fell : 

Some had his shoulder quite through shot, 
Some leaving life did loudly yelh 

Some from his leg the lance did pull, 1965 
Some through his stomach store was stickt, 

Some bleeding bellowed like a bull, 

Some were through privy members prickt. 

But yet the Scots still stout did stahd > 
Till arrows shot at length was done, 1970 

And plied apace to strokes of hand, 
And at the last did battle join* 

Then on the English part with speed, 

The bills stept forth, and bows went back, 

The moorish pikes, and mells of lead, 1975 
Did deal there many a dreadful thwack. 



194 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

The Englishmen straight east and west 
And southward did their faces set ; 

The Scotchmen northward proudly prest, 
And manfully their foes they met. 1980 

First westward of a wing there was, 
Sir Edmond Howard captain chief; 

With whom did pass in equal mace, 
Sir Bryan Tunstal, to be brief. 

With whom encountered a strong Scot, 1985 
Which was the King's chief chamberlain ; 

Lord Hume by name, of courage hot, 
Who manfully marched them again. 

Ten thousand Scots well tried and told, 

Under his standart stout he led ; 1990 

W 7 hen the Englishmen did them behold, 
For fear at first they would have fled, 

Had not the valiant Tunstal been, 

Who still stept on with stomach stout, 

Crying, — " Come on, good countrymen, 1995 
]Now fiercely let us fight it out ! 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 105 

e< Let not the number of our foes, 

\ our manful hearts 'minish, or shake ; 

Let it never be laid unto our nose,, 
That Scotchmen made us turn our back ! 2080 

" Like doughty lads let's rather die, 
And from our blood take all rebuke; 

With edged tools now let us try." — 

Then from the ground he mould up took. 

And did the same in mouth receive, 2085 

In token of his Maker dear; 
Which, when his people did perceive, 

His valiant heart renewed their chear. 

Then first before in foremost ray> 

The trusty Tunstal bold forth sprung, 2010 
His stomach could no longer stay, 

But thundering thrust into the throng. 

And as true men did make report, 
In present place which did on look ; 

He was the first, for to be short, 2015 

On the English part that proferd stroke. 



106 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

All those that he with halbert caught, 
He made to stacker in that stound, 

And many a groom to ground he brought,, 
And dealt there many a deadly wound, 2020 

And forward 'gainst foes still he flew, 
And threshing turned them all to teen ; 

Where he a noble Scotchmen slew, 
Which called was Sir Malkin Keen. 

And still his foes pursued fast, 2025 

And weapon in Scotch blood he warmed, 

And slaughtering lashed ; till at last 
The Scots so thick about him swarmed, 

That he from succoui severed was, £030 

And from his men which Scots had skail'd : 

Yet for all that he kept his place, 
He fiercely fought, and never failed ; 

Till with an edged sword one came, 

And at his legs below did lash, 
And near a score of Scots all sam, 2035 

Upon his helmet high did dash : 



FLODDEN-FIFLD. 107 

Though he could not withstand such strength, 
Yet never would he flee, nor yield ; 

Alas ! for want of aid, at length, 

He slain was fighting fierce in field. 2040 

Down falls this valiant active knight, 
His body great on ground doth lie ; 

But up to heaven with angels bright, 
His golden ghost did flickering flie. 

After his fall his people fled, 2045 

And all that wing did fall to wrack ; 

Some fighting fierce died in that stead, 
The rest for terror turn'd their back ; 

Save Sir Edmond Howard all alone, 

Who with his standard bearer yet, 205O 

Seeing his folks all fled and gone, 
In haste to vanguard hied to get. 

But he Scot free had not so 'scaped 5 
For why right hot Sir David Hume, 

With troop of Scots, had him entrapt ; 2055 
Had not John Bastard Hearon come, 



108 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

With half a score of horsemen light, 

Crying, — " Now, Howard, have good heart ! 

For unto death till we be dight, 

I promise here to take thy part." — 2060 

Which heard, then Howard heart up drew, 
And with the spearmen forth he sprung, 

And fiercely 'mong their foes he flew, 

Where David Hume down dead lay flung. 

And many a Scot that stout did stand 0,065 
With dreadful death they did reward. 

So Howard through bold Hearon's hand, 
Came safe and sound to the vanguard ; 

Where the Admiral, with strength extent, 
Then in the field fierce fighting was, 2070 

'Gainst whom in battle bold was bent 
Two earls of an antique race : 

The one CraufTord call'd, the other Montross, 
Who led twelve thousand Scotchmen strong ; 

Who manfully met with their foes, 2075 

With leaden mells, and lances long. 



FLODDEN FIELD. 109 

There battering blows made sallet sound, 
There many a sturdy stroke was given, 

And many a baron brought to ground, 

And many a banner broad was riven. 2080 

But yet in fine, through mighty force, 
The Admiral quit himself so well, 

And wrought so that the Scots had worst, 
For down in field both Earls fell. 

Then the Earl of Surrey next by east, 2085 
Most fiercely 'gainst his enemies fought ; 

'Gainst whom King James in person prest, 
With banners blaised, his battle brought. 

Wherein was many a baron bold, 

And many a lord of lusty blood, 2090 

And trusty knight well tried of old, 

And mitred prelates passing proud. 

With the Earl of Catness and Castell, 
The Earl of Moarton and of Marr ; 

With Arell, Adell, and Athell, 2095 

Of Bothwell bold, and of Glenkar. 



11© FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Lord Lovat led a lusty power, 
So Clueston, Inderby, and Ross; 

Lord Maxwell with his brethren four, 
With Borthwick, Bargeny, and Forbes. 2 100 

Lord Arskill, Sentclear, and Sim pell, 
With soldiers tried a mighty sum, 

All with the King came down the hill, 
With Cowell, Kay, and Caddie Hume ; 

With the captains of commons stout, 2105 
Above twenty thousand men at least ; 

Which with the King, most fierce on foot, 
Against their foes was then addrest. 

The Earl Surrey, on the English side, 

Encouraged his soldiers keen ; 2110 

Crying — " Good fellows, strike this tide, 
Now let your doughty deeds be seen."^— 

Then spears and pikes to work was put, 
And blows with bills most dure was delt, 

And many a cap of steel through cut, 2115 
And swinging swaps made many swelt. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 11 1 

There many a soldier fell in soun, 

On either side with wounds right sore, 

And many a strong man strucken down ; 
Some dying rageously did roar. 2120 

Then on the Scottish part right proud, 
The Earl of Both well then out brast, 

And stepping forth with stomach good, 
Into the enemy's throng he thrast. 

And, « Bothwell, Bothwell!" cried bold, 2125 

To cause his soldiers to ensue ; 
But there he catcht a welcome cold, 

The Englishmen straight down him threw. 

Thus Haburn through his hardy heart, 
His fatal fine in conflict found ; 2130 

Now all this while on either part, 

Were dealt full many a deadly wound. 

On either side were soldiers slain, 

And stricken down by strength of hand, 

That who could win, none weet might plain, 
The victory in doubt did stand. 2136 



112 FLODDEN-FIELD. 



FIT THE NINTH. 

Till at the last great Stanley stout, 

Came marching up the mountain steep; 

His folks could hardly fast their feet, 

But forced on hands and feet to creep. 2140 

And some their boots left down below, 
That toes might take the better hold ; 

Some from their feet the shoes did throw, 
Of true men thus I have heard told. 

The sweat down from their bodies ran, 2145 
And hearts did hop in panting breast ; 

At last the mountain top they wan, 
In warlike wise ere Scotchmen wist. 

Where for a space brave Stanley slaid, 

Until his folks had taken breath ; 2150 

To whom all sam e'en thus he said : 

" Most hardy mates, down from this heath, 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 113 

ee Against our foes fast let us hie, 

Our valiant countrymen to aid ; 
With fighting fierce, I fear me, I, 2155 

Through lingering long, may be o'erlaid. 

" My Lancashire most lively wights, 
And chosen mates of Cheshire strong, 

From sounding bow your feathered flight, 
Let fiercely fly your foes among. 21 60 

" March down from this high mountain top, 

And brunt of battle let us bide ; 
With stomach stout let's make no stop, 

And Stanley stout will be your guide. 

" A scourge for Scots my father was, 2165 
He Barwick town from them did gain ; 

No doubt so ere this day shall pass, 
His son like fortune shall obtain. 

" And now the Earl of Surrey sore 

The Scots, I see, besets this tide ; 2170 

Now since with foes he fights before, 

We'll suddenly set on their side." — 

H 



114 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

The noise then made the mountains ring, 
And " Stanley stout !" they all did cry ; 

Out went anon the grey goose wing 2175 

Against the Scots did flickering fly. 

Then showers of arrows sharp were shot, 

They rattling ran as rank as hail, 
And pierced the scalp of many a Scot, 2180 

No shield or pavish could prevail. 

Although the Scots at Stanley's name 
Were 'stonisht sore, yet stout they stood ; 

Yet for defence they fiercely frame, 
And arrow's dint with danger bode. 

And when the shower of arrows shot, 2185 
Did somewhat cease within a while ; 

The Earl of Huntley haughty and hot, 
With the Earl of Lenox and Argile, 

Lord Borthwick, Bargeny, and Forbes, 2190 
With them ten thousand Scotchmen strong ; 

Through death endured with danger force, 
Right stoutly yet they stood to't long. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 115 

Which when the Stanley stout did see, 
Into the throng he thundering thrast ; 
" My lovely Lancashire lads/' quoth he, 2195 
. a Down with the Scots ! the day we waste." — 

The foes he forced to break their 'ray, 
And many a life was lost that while ; 

No voice was heard but " kill and slay !" 

Down goes the Earl of Argile. 2200 

The Earl of Lenox' luck was like, 

He fighting fierce was slain that tide ; 

So Lord Forbes, Bargeny, and Borthwick, 
Upon the bent did breathless bide. 

And so the Earl of Huntley's hap 2205 

Had been resembling to the rest ; 

But that through skill he made a 'scape, 
With an English blade he had been blest. 

But he by hap had a horse at hand, 

On whom he scouring 'scapt away, 2210 

Else doubtless as the case did stand, 
On Floddon-Hill he had died that day. 



116 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

After these lords were fallen and fled, 

And companies left captainless ; 
Being sore 'stonisht in that stead, 2215 

Did fall to flight both more and less ; 

Whom Stanley with his total strength 
Pursued right sore down on the plain, 

Where on the King he light at length, 

Which fighting was with all his main. 2220 

When his approach the King perceived, 
With stomach stout he him withstood ; 

His Scots right bravely them behaved, 
And boldly there the battle bode. 

But when the English arrows shot, 2225 

On each part did so pierce and gall, 

That ere they came to handy strokes, 
A number great on ground did falL 

The King himself was wounded sore, 

An arrow fierce in's forehead light, 2230 

That hardly he could fight any more, 
The blood so blemished his sight. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 117 

Yet like a warrior stout he stayed, 
And fiercely did exhort that tide, 

His men to be nothing dismayed, 2235 

But battle boldly there to bide. 

[" Fight on, my men," the King then said, 
" Yet fortune she may turn the scale ; 

And for my wounds be not dismayed, 

Nor ever let your courage fail." — 2240 

Thus dying, did he brave appear, 

Till shades of death did close his eyes. 

Till then he did his soldiers chear. 
And raise their courage to the skies.] 

But what availed his valour great, 2245 

Or bold device ? All was but vain ; 

His captains keen failed at his feet, 
And standard-bearer down was slain. 

The Archbishop of St Andrews brave, 

King James his son in base begot, 2250 

That doleful day did death receive, 
With many a lusty lord-like Scot. 



118 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

As the Earl of Catness and Castel, 
Morton and Fair for all their power ; 

The Earl of Arell and Athell, 2255 

Lord Maxwell with his brethren four. 

And last of all among the lave, 

King James himself to death was brought ; 
Yet by whose fact few could perceive, 

But Stanley still most like was thought. 2260 

After the King and captains slain, 

The commons straight did fall to flight ; 

The Englishmen pursued amain, 

And never ceased while sun gave light. 

Then the Earl of Surrey made to sound 226£ 

A trumpet to retreat anon, 
And captains caused to keep their ground, 

Till morrow next while night was done. 

But the English soldiers all that night, 
Although they weary were with toil, 2270 

The Scotchmen costly slain in fight, 
Of jewels rich spared not to spoil. 



FLODDEN-FIELD. 119 

The corpse of many worthy wight 
They uncased of his comely array, 

And many a baron brave and knight &275 
Their bodies there all naked lay. 

The carcase of the King himself, 

Bare naked left as it was born, 
The Earl could not know it so well, 

Searching the same upon the morn, 2280 

Until Lord Dacres at the last, 
By certain signs did him bewray ; 

The corpse then in a cart being cast, 
They to Newcastle did convey. 

Great store of guns and warlike gear, 2285 
Whereas the field was fought, they found ; 

Which they to Barwick then being near, 
And to Newcastle carried round. 

The certain sum being searched out, 2290 

Twelve thousand Scots died in that steed ; 

On the English side were slain about 
Some fifteen hundred as we read. 



120 FLODDEN-FIELD. 

Yet never a nobleman of fame, 

But Bryan Tunstal bold, alas ! 
Whose corpse home to his burial came, 2295 

With worship great, as worthy was. 

This field was fought in September, 

In Chronicles as may be seen ; 
In the year of God, as I remember, 

One thousand five hundred and thirteen. 2300 

Praconia Post funeba Manent. 



NOTES. 



Yev 
But 

V^hose cc 
TT ith wors. 



E 123 3 



NOTES 



Floddon-Field. 
Such is undoubtedly the true name, according to the 
following etymological note ; for which, together with 
other most interesting communications, the editor is 
indebted to the liberality of the eminent author of Cale- 
donia: " Lambe has Floddon, Benson Floddon : Now 
Floddon-^7/ is mentioned : Don or Dun applies to a 
hill, but Den to a hollow. These intimations show that 
Floddon is the analogical reading." — As the greater 
part of the poem was printed off before Mr Chalmers's 
valuable communications were received, the more 
usual, though certainly less correct, reading had been 
previously adopted. 



Hi NOTES. 

First Fit. 
The division of the poem is very indeterminate ; for 
the Fits generally end in the middle of a sentence. We 
must attribute this not to the poet, but to the reci- 
ters ; for, that romances and chronicles, which always 
went hand in hand, were recited, is undeniable; and 
these reciters took greater liberties with these poems, 
than Percy, or still more unfaithful modern editors, have 
ever done. Thus, in the Romance of Florence and 
Blancheflour, in the Low German dialect, * published 
from a MS. of the 14th century, the story is five times 
interrupted, at very inappropriate periods, by the re- 
citer appealing to the liberality of his landlord for a 
draught of beer. These impertinent intrusions neither 
occur in another copy of the same romance, nor in 
one of much greater extent in High German, upon 
the same subject. 



* It is singular, that none of the etymologists, who have in- 
vestigated the origin of the English language, have observed 
the extremely close similarity between the old English and 
Scottish, and the dialect spoken in Lower Germany. Indeed 
the inflections of the verbs bear a stronger resemblance to the 
present English, than to the High German. The neglect is 
the more singular, as the Anglo-Saxons certainly made their 
descents upon England from that district of Germany. 



NOTES, 1S5 

The word Fit seems to have been in very general 
use in the seventeenth century; for, in a petition for re- 
formation in church-government, presented by the city 
of London, the citizens complain of "The swarming of 
lascivious, idle, and unprofitable books and pamphlets, 
playbooks and ballads ; as namely, Ovid's Fits of Love, 
the Parliament of Women, * come out at the dissol- 
ving of the last parliament, Barnes' Poems, Barker's 
Ballads, in disgrace of religion, to the increase of all 
vice, and withdrawing of people from reading and 
hearing the Word of God, and other good bookes." 

Now will I cease for to recite. — P. 1.1. 1. 

" Perhaps the author means omit, forbear. Cease, 
omitto, Litt. Diet." Lambe. 

The poet had probably been previously occupied in 
compiling a relation of the campaign of Henry VIII. 
against Terouenne and Tournay ; during whose absence 
his territories were invaded by James IV" ; and it is not 
likely that the author should confine his art of reciting 



* Two of the most scurrilous libels that ever issued from 
any press, bear this title. 



126 NOTES. 

historical events in metre, which was probably his 
profession, to this single battle. 

The haughty Howard's noble act.— p. 2. 1. 26, 
" Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, was knighted 
for his remarkable courage at the battle of Barnet. 
He was made Knight of the Garter, 1 Rich. III. He 
was taken prisoner in the battle of Bosworth, and 
committed to the Tower by Henry VII. and attainted 
by parliament. King Henry asked him, How h,e durst 
bear arms in behalf of that tyrant Richard ? to which 
he answered : ' He was my crowned king, and if the 
parliamentary authority of England set the crown up- 
on a stock, I will fight for that stock ; and as I fought 
then for him, I will fight for you, when you are esta- 
blished by the said authority/ In the rebellion against 
the King, by the Earl of Lincoln, the Lieutenant of 
the Tower offered the Earl of Surrey the keys of the 
Tower, in order to set himself at liberty ; but he re- 
plied, * That he would not be delivered by any power 
but by that which had committed him/ After he had 
been in prison three years and a half, the King gave 
him his liberty; and, knowing his worth and nice sense 
of honour, he took him into fayour, and delivered up 



NOTES, 127 

to him all his estates. The Earl took all occasions of 
relieving the oppressed subjects, and was accounted 
one of the ablest and greatest men in the kingdom. 
The Scots made an irruption into England, and be- 
sieged Norham castle : the Earl raised the siege, took 
the castle of Ayton, and made all the country round 
a desart. James IV. of Scotland, incensed at this, 
sent a herald with a challenge to him, to which he 
made a sensible and spirited answer : ' That his life 
belonged to the King, whilst he had the command of 
his army ; but when that was ended, that he would 
fight the King on horseback, or on foot ; adding, that, 
if he took the King prisoner in the combat, he would 
release him without any ransom ; and that if the King 
should vanquish him, he would then pay such a sum 
for his liberty, as was competent for the degree of an 
earl/ A. 1501, the Earl was Lord High Treasurer. 
In June 1652, Margaret, the King's daughter, a beauti- 
ful princess, at the age of fourteen years, was attended 
by the Earl of Surrey, with a great company of lords, 
ladies, knights, and squires, to the town of Berwick, 
whence she was conveyed to St Lambert's church, in 
Lamyrmoor, where King James, attended by the chief 
nobility, received her, and carried her to Edinburgh. 



128 NOTES. 

The next day after her arrival there, she was, with 
great solemnity, married unto him, in the presence of 
all his nobles. The King gave great entertainments 
to the English, whom the Scotch noblemen and ladies 
far out-shone, both in costly apparel, rich jewels, 
massy chains, habiliments set with goldsmith's work, 
garnished with pearl, and stones of price, and in gal- 
lant and well- trapped horses. They made also great 
feasts for the English lords and ladies, and shewed 
them justing, and other pleasant pastimes, as good as 
could be devised, after the manner of Scotland. Di- 
verse ladies of Queen Margaret's train remained in 
Scotland, and were afterwards well married to noble- 
men." — Lesly, Holinsiied. 

" Queen Margaret's portion was «£ 10,000,* her 
jointure from King James, ,£2000 a-year, and she re- 
ceived pin-money from him annually ,£331, 6s. 8d. 

" In \$07, two years before the death of Henry 
VII. the Earl was appointed ambassador to the King 



* According to the present value of money, about =£100,000,, 
and the jointure =£20,000 per ann. A curious account of the 
marriage of James IV. and Margaret, occurs in Leland's Col- 
lectanea. 



NOTES. 139 

©f France. 2 Henry VIII. he was made Earl Mar- 
shall for life. A. 1511, he was one of the commis- 
sioners at the court of Arragon. When Henry VIII. 
heard that the Scots were preparing to invade Eng- 
land, he said, " That he had left a nobleman,* who 
would defend his subjects from insults/' After the 
battle of Floddon, the Earl himself presented King 
James's armour to the Queen-regent. When the King 
returned from France, he gave the Earl an augmenta- 
tion of his arms, viz. to bear on the bend, the upper 
part of a red lion, depicted in the same manner as the 
arms of Scotland, pierced through the mouth with an 
arrow. A. 1514, [the first of February,] the Earl was 
created Duke of Norfolk, and a grant was given him 
in special tail of several manors. He hated and op- 
posed Cardinal Wolsey, because he advised the King 
to measures hurtful to the liberties of the people. 
Finding that this opposition availed nothing, he re- 
signed his post, and retired from court. He died, A. 
1514, [the 21st May."] Lambe. 



* According to others, the Earl was present at the taking 
•f Therouene and Tournay, and sent by Henry VIII. to take 
the command of the army against the Scots, 



130 NOTES. 

There is the doughty Dacres old. — p. 4. I. 69. 
Thomas, Lord Dacre, was one of the most active ge- 
nerals and wardens against Scotland ; notwithstanding 
the aspersions cast upon him by some enemies at court, 
against which he fully defends his conduct, in a curi- 
ous letter to the council, dated 1514, and printed 
from the original, in Pinkerton's History of Scotland. 
In the original Gazette of Floddon-Field, he is spoken 
of in high terms by the Lord Admiral, who seems to 
have drawn up the account. As the whole passage 
strongly vindicates the warden's character, and, at the 
same time, the defeat of Sir Edmond Howard is candidly 
allowed, it shall be extracted at length : — " Item — Ed- 
mond Howard, second Jilz du Conte de Surrey, avoit avec 
luy mil hommes du pays de Lanqchere et Cheshire, et 
plusieurs autres gentilz hommes de la conte d'Yorlc. Et 
faisoit le d' Edmond la droicte elle du seigneur de 
Howard son fr ere, surlequelz le seigneur Chambellan du 
Roy d'Escosse, avec plusieurs autres srs. donnerent 
dedens. Maistre Gray, et Mes* Humjrey, demourent 
prisonnirs, et Messire Richard Harbottell tue, et It 
4 f Edmond Howard Jut troisfois abatu ; et vint a son 
relief le seigneur Dacres avec XVc hommes ; et telle- 
ment exploicta quit mist enfuyte I d'Escossois, et eut 



SOTES. 131 

envyron des gens dud. seigneur Dacres 

tuez 7 et en la d* bataille Jut tue ung grant nombre des 
d'Escossois." 

Lord Dacre accompanied, in 9 Henry VII. the Earl 
of Surrey in his expedition to the relief of Norham- 
castle. At the battle of Floddon he commanded the 
cavalry, and encountered the Earls of Huntley and 
Hume, where, of the Homes, Sir John* Cuthbert of 
Fastcastle, and many others, were slain. In 1512> he 
accepted the office of Warden of the East and Middle 
Marches, which Lord Darcy had refused. He seems 
subsequently also to have had the West Marches under 
his controul ; and in the above-mentioned letter, boasts 
of having destroyed six times more Scottish towns and 
houses, than the Scots had been able to burn. At the 
same time he accuses Lord Darcy, the Earl of Nor- 
thumberland, the Bishop of Durham, and William 
Heron of Ford, of refusing to obey his summons* Be- 
sides his martial exploits, he carried on various nego- 
ciations, to the great advancement of English influ- 
ence at the court of Scotland. Upon the old ruins 
at Drumbuygh, between Boulness and Burgh upon 
the Sands, in Cumberland, he built a small castle for 
the defence of the country, and employed the stones 



3S2 NOTES. 

of the Picts* wall to that purpose. In 1523, he led 
the cavalry in Surrey's attack upon Jedburgh, and, 
after an obstinate conflict, took the castle of Ferni- 
herst. Through the device of the Scots, but imputed 
by Dacre and his commander to the power of infernal 
agents, he lost, out of fifteen hundred horses, by the 
arrows and flames, five hundred. The Warden alleges, 
that the prince of daemons appeared visibly to him six 
times that night. [See Surrey's Letter to Henri/ 
VIII.] Lord Dacre died, as Warden and Knight of 
the Garter, the 24th of October, 1525. 

There is Sir Edward Stanley stout. — P. 5. 1. 73* 
tl Sir Edward Stanley made a solemn declaration 
before he went to this battle, that if he returned victo- 
rious, he would do something to the honour of God ; 
and accordingly, on his return, he began to build the 
magnificent chapel of Hornby ; the steeple being an 
octagon of hewn stone, of an extensive height, with 
six bells; the chancel of the like stone, with diverse 
figures thereon, and the roof covered with lead. An 
eagle cut in stone, with an inscription in Roman text, 
" Edxvardus Stanley, Miles, Dominus Monteagle, Me 
fieri fecit." He dying before it was perfected, the pa- 



NOTES. 133 

rish finished the body of the chapel, which is of infe- 
rior work/' — Benson. 

Sir Edward Stanley, the fifth son of Thomas, first 
Earl of Derby, commanded the rear at the battle of 
Floddon, and, with his Lancashire archers, forced the 
right wing of the Scots from its advantageous position 
on the hill, and by this manoeuvre decided the battle. 
For these services, he was, the following year, created 
Lord Monteagle, because his ancestors bore an eagle 
for their crest. From the distinguished manner in 
which he is mentioned by our poet, celebrating his 
achievements above those of all the other English ge- 
nerals, particularly those of the Howard family, a 
close connection with the Stanleys may be inferred. 
The northern idioms which abound in this work, joined 
to the above evidence, render it more than probable, 
that the author was a retainer, or at least under the 
influence of that family. 

Of Latham-house by line came out. — P. 5. 1. ?'5. 

Latham -house, near Ormskirk, in Lancashire. " This 

family is originally from Cheshire, but removed hither 

upon this occasion. Sir John Stanley married the 

sole heiress of Sir Thomas Latham, and had with her 



134 NOTES, 

this seat, and a large estate belonging to it; to whick 
he, upon his marriage, removing, made many addi- 
tions, that, with wha^t his successors built afterwards, 
it became the principal seat of the family. This house 
is famous for a siege of two year's continuance, main- 
tained by Charlotte, Countess of Derby, against the 
parliament forces, who were forced to leave it unta- 
Jten, though they afterwards became masters of it, 
and laid it almost level with the ground ; the heroic 
lord of it being beheaded at Bolton, October 15, 
1651/'— Benson, 

Tor through Ms father's force, quoth he. — P. 5. 1. 79- 
il This was Thomas Stanley, the first Earl of Derby 
of that family, who built Greenhaugh castle, near 
Garstang, in Lancashire, for his defence against cer- 
tain of the nobility, from whom he had great appre- 
hensions of danger, because, being outlawed, King 
Henry VII. had given him their estates : for they made 
several attempts upon him, and frequently made in- 
roads into his grounds ; but at last he pacified all their 
animosities and discontents, by his prudent behaviour 
towards them.'* — Benson. 



NOTES, 186 

Lord Clifford too a lusty troop.-— -V. 5. 1. 81. 

His father fell fighting for the house of Lancaster, 
at the battle of Towton, March 29, 146l. He was 
placed by his mother at Lansborow, in Yorkshire, 
where she herself then lived, and given in charge to a 
shepherd, who had married an attendant on his nurse. 
Till the year 1469, when his grandfather, Lord Clif- 
ford, died, he was brought up as a shepherd. About 
this time, the Yorkists suspected the account of his 
dying as an infant to be unfounded ; and his mother, 
with her second husband Sir Lancelot Threlkeld, con- 
veyed him and his supposed parents to a border-farm 
in Cumberland. After the battle of Bosworth, he 
was restored by Henry VII. to his honours, being then 
thirty-one years old, and unable to read. He was 
greatly attached to astronomy ; and, in order to in- 
dulge his propensity to that art, built Barden-tower, 
in Yorkshire, near the priory of Bolton ; for the ca- 
nons of this house were great adepts in that science. 
He accompanied the Earl of Surrey in his expedition 
to Norham and Ayton castle. At Floddon-Field he 
bore a principal command. He died April 17, 1523. 

The interesting and romantic story of this nobleman 
is capable of the highest poetical embellishments; and 



130 NOTES. 

Mr Wordsworth has lately adorned the subject with a 
vigorous strain of poetry, far above the general tenor 
of his compositions. 

And with the lusty knight, Lord Scroop. — P. 5. 1. 7$» 
Henry Scroop, Lord Bolton, succeeded to the title 
A. 1494. He was one of the commanders at Floddon 
in 1513. 

And some thought to the Earl of Derby. — P. 6. 1. 99* 
Thomas, second Earl of Derby, succeeded his 
grandfather in the year 1504. He attended Henry 
VIII. to the expedition against Therouene and Tour- 
nay in 1513, and died the 24th of May, 1522. 

Then did he send Sir William Bulmer. — P. 6. 1. 105. 
Sir William Bulmer of Brumspeth castle. The last 
of this family, summoned as peer of the realm to par- 
liament, was Ralph, from 1 till 23 Edward III. Sir 
William routed the Borderers under Lord Home, who 
had made an incursion into England, previous to the 
battle of Floddon. 

When Andrew Barton bold he slew. — P. 8. 1. 152. 
" The transaction which did the greatest honour to 



NOTES. 1ST 

the Earl of Surrey and his family at this time, [A.D. 
151 1.] was their behaviour in the case of Barton, a 
Scotch sea-officer. This gentleman's father, having 
suffered by sea from the Portuguese, he had obtained 
letters of marque for his two sons, to make reprisals 
upon the subjects of Portugal. It is extremely pro- 
bable, that the court of Scotland granted these letters 
with no very honourable intention. The council- 
board of England, at which the Earl of Surrey held 
the chief place, was daily pestered with complaints 
from the sailors and merchants, that Barton, under 
pretence of searching for Portuguese goods, interrupt- 
ed the English navigation. Henry's situation at that 
time, rendered him backward from breaking with 
Scotland, so that their complaints were but coldly re- 
ceived. The Earl of Surrey, however, could not 
smother his indignation, but gallantly declared at the 
Council-board, that while he had an estate, that could 
furnish out a ship, or a son that was capable of com- 
manding one, the narrow seas should not be infested 
Sir Andrew Barton, who commanded two Scotch ships, 
had the reputation of being one of the ablest sea-offi- 
cers of his time. By his depredations he amassed 
great wealth, and his ships were very richly laden. 



158 NOTES. 

Henry, notwithstanding his situation,~could not refuse 
the generous offer of the Earl of Surrey. Two ships 
were immediately fitted out, and put to sea, with let- 
ters of marque, under his two sons, Sir Thomas, 
(called by old historians Lord Howard, afterwards 
created Earl of Surrey, in the lifetime of his father, 
who, after the famous victory of Floddon-Field, was 
raised to the' dignity of Duke of Norfolk) and Sir Ed- 
ward Howard. 

" After encountering a great deal of foul weather, 
Sir Thomas came up with the Lion, which was com* 
manded by Sir Andrew Barton in person ; and Sir Ed- 
ward Howard came up with the Union, Barton's other 
ship, (called by Hall the bark of Scotland.) The 
engagement which ensued was extremely obstinate on 
both sides ; but at last the fortune of the Howard* 
prevailed. 

" Sir Andrew Barton was killed righting bravely, 
and encouraging his men with his whistle to hold out. 
to the last ; and the two Scotch ships with their crews 
were carried into the river Thames, Aug. 2, 1511. 

" This exploit had the more merit, as the two Eng- 
lish commanders were in a manner volunteers in the 
service, by their father's order. But it seems to have 



NOTES. 139 

kid the foundation of Sir Edward's fortune ; for, on 
the seventh of April, 1512, the King constituted 
him (according to Dugdale) Admiral of England, 
Wales, &c. 

** King James insisted upon satisfaction for the death 
of Barton, and capture of the ships ; though Henry had 
generously dismissed the crews, and even agreed that 
the parties accused might appear in his court of ad- 
miralty by their attornies, to vindicate themselves." — 
Guthrie's New Peerage. 

" In the old ballad, entitled < Sir Andrew Barton,* 
the bowman wliojshot Sir Andrew, is, by a mistake, 
called Horsley. It was a Yorkshire gentleman thafc 
killed him, of the name of Hustler." — Lambe. 

Your warden with his spiteful spear. — P. p. 1. 1 58. 
" Sir Robert Carr [Ker] was made by James IV. 
his chief butler, engineer, and warden of the middle 
marches. He was much esteemed by the King for 
his virtuous qualities. He was a severe punisher of 
the English and Scotch Border-robbers, therefore they 
were determined to destroy him. At a solemn meet-* 
ing between the English and Scotch, [A. 1511.] in oi> 
der to reclaim stolen goods, altercations arose, when 



w Notes. 

three desperate Englishmen, John Heron the Bastard, 
Lilburn, and Starhed, fell upon him ; one of whom 
stabbed him with a spear in the back, and the other 
two dispatched him. Henry VII. enraged at this vil- 
lainous action, delivered William Heron, laird of Ford, 
brother to the Bastard, and Lilburn, to the Scots, who 
imprisoned them in Fastcastle tower in the Merse, 
where the latter died. The Bastard and Starhed hid 
themselves in the interior parts of England, until the 
reign of Henry VIII. when the Bastard, trusting to the 
power of his relations, appeared openly at his own 
house, and privately sent thieves into Scotland to 
disturb the peace. Starhed thought himself safe, ha- 
ving built a house at the distance of ninety miles from 
the Border. But Andrew Carr, the son of Robert, 
prevailed upon two of his dependants, of the name of 
Tate, to disguise themselves, who entered Starhed's 
house at night, and brought away his head to Andrew, 
who fixed it in one of the most conspicuous places of 
the city of Edinburgh. 

" The Bastard nourished many years, till A. 1524, 
when he, with £00 Englishmen, entered the marches 
©f Scotland. After a stout battle with the Scots, 20$ 



NOTES. 141 

Englishmen were taken prisoners, and the Bastard 
slain." — Holinshed. 

" Others write, that 200 Scots were taken, and 
that the rest fled. And that Sir Ralph Fenwick, Leo- 
nard Musgrave, and the Bastard, with thirty 'other 
horsemen, having pursued the Scots too far, were 
overcome by them ; Fenwick, Musgrave, and six others, 
being taken prisoners, and the Bastard killed : whose 
death the Scots thought to be a very ample recom- 
pense for the loss of their two hundred men." — Hall, 
as quoted by Lam be. See an account of the Bastard 
Hearon, in a subsequent page. 

Then manful Maxwell answered soon. — P. 9« L l6l. 
John, fourth Lord Maxwell, was a man of great 
courage and resolution, and was among the number of 
those who fell at Floddon. 

And then stood up haughty Lord Hume* — P. 10. 1. 179- 
Alexander, third Lord Home, succeeded his father 
in 150o\ He was a man of great abilities, and pro- 
moted by James IV. to the office of Lord High Cham- 
berlain, in the end of 1507. While this sovereign 
lived, he continued in high favour. Previous to the 



UZ XOTES. 

battle of Floddon, he made, probably by order of the 
King, an inroad into England, but was defeated by 
Sir William Bulmer, and the prey he had collected 
taken from him. Notwithstanding the calumnies of 
historians, who went so far as to accuse him of mur- 
dering his sovereign subsequently to the battle, it ap- 
pears that he fought with great bravery. He conti- 
nued in favour during the minority of James V. ; till 
his opposition to Albany having caused his exile, he 
imprudently returned, and, being tried and convicted 
of treason, before the parliament of Scotland, he was 
beheaded October 8, 1516. 

The King then called to De-la-mount. — P. 1].. 1. 197. 
The popularity of Sir David Lindsay of the Mount 
probably caused this mistake, as he was subsequently 
[A. 1530.] lyon king. — See the notes on Canto IV. of 
Marmion, or a Tale of Flodden-Field. 

With a lusty lord, called Herbert, — P. 11. 1/204. 

Charles, natural son of Henry, Duke of Somerset, 
was a man of great abilities, was constituted in 1 509 
one of the privy council, and acquired the title of Lord 
Herbert, by his marriage with Elizabeth, the heir of 



NOTES. 143 

William Herbert, Earl of Huntingdon. He had sum- 
mons to the parliaments in 1509 and 1511 among the 
barons, by the name of Charles Somerset de Herbert 
Chevalier. He attended Henry VIII. with 6000 foot 
to Therouenne and Tournay ; and, for his valour, re- 
ceived the office of Lord Chamberlain for life, and the 
title of Earl of Worcester. He died in the year 1525, 
and was buried in St George's chapel, Windsor* 

In his banner brave he displays 
A half-moon in gold glistering gay, 

P. 11.1. 207. 20S. 
" The silver crescent is the badge of the Percys, 
supposed to have been assumed by one of that noble 
family, who had been in an expedition against the Sa- 
racens in the Holy Land/'— Lamb e. 

Henry Percy, fifth Earl of Northumberland, suc- 
ceeded his father, who was murdered by the rebels, 
as Lieutenant of Yorkshire, in 4 Henry VII. In the 
battle of Blackheath, against Lord Audley and his 
followers, he was one of the chief commanders. In 
1513 he accompanied Henry VIII. to Therouenne, and 
died A. 1526. 



144 NOTES. 

A talbot brave, a burly tike. — P. 12. 1. 2 14-. 
George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, succeeded his 
father, who died September the 26th, 1464. In 14S7, ' 
he fought at the battle of Stoke, near Newark, against 
the rebels, and, three years after that, was sent with 
others to Flanders, to the aid of the Emperor Maxi- 
milian. In 1513, he commanded the vanguard of the 
King's army at Therouenne. He made some inroads 
into Scotland, as lieutenant of the north, in 1522 ; 
and in 1537 marched as the King's lieutenant to quell 
the insurrection in Yorkshire, called the Pilgrimage of 
Grace. He died July 26th 1542 ; directing by his 
will, that he should be buried without any ceremonies, 
hut a dirge on the eve, and a sermon on the morrow ; 
and 25 poor men to carry torches and have black 
gowns, but not above one hundred gowns to be given 
to his servants, besides those for his wife's gentlewo- 
men. Besides other charitable donations, he left to 
a thousand priests, to say Placebo, Dirige, and Mass, 
tor his, and all Christian souls, sixpence each. 

Which called is the doughty Darcy. — P. 12. 1. 220. 
'At the time of the general survey, Norman de Areci 
enjoyed 33 lordships in Lincolnshire, by gift of Wil- 



NOTES. 145 

liam the Conqueror. One of these, Noctone, wa3 
his chief seat, and continued that of his posterity 
for after ages. Thomas, Lord Darcy, succeeded 
William in 1497. In the same year he marched 
with Thomas, Earl of Surrey, to the relief of Nor- 
ham castle. In 1498, being a knight of the King's 
body, he was made constable of the castle of Bam- 
borough, and, in the ensuing year, captain of the town 
and castle of Berwick ; also warden of the East 
and Middle Marches. In 1502, he was one of the 
commissioners to receive the oath of James IV., upon 
a treaty of peace. He was appointed general warden 
of the marches towards Scotland in 1506, and ser- 
ved two campaigns in the wars of Ferdinand of Arra- 
gon, against the Moors, in 1510 and 1511. The 20th 
of June, 1539> he was beheaded for delivering up Pon- 
tefract castle to Robert Aske, commander of the re- 
bels, assembled on account of religious differences in 
the north. 

Dudley.—?. 12. 1. 221. 
Edward, Lord Dudley, Knight of the Garter, was 
summoned to Parliament from 1492 to 1530. 
K 



146 NOTES. 

Delaware.-— V. 12. 1. 221. 
Thomas West, Lord La Warre, succeeded his fa- 
ther in 16 Edward IV. He died 9th October, 1554. 

The Duke of Buckingham is there. — P. 12. 1. 223. 

Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, succeeded 
his father, who was executed for rising in arms against 
Richard III. He was one of the commanders against 
the Cornishmen in 13 Henry VII. Shortly before his 
fall, the splendour of his appointment was greater than 
that of any other nobleman. He was ruined by the 
knavery of Knivet, a steward whom he had dischar- 
ged for his tyranny against his tenants ; and by the 
enmity and envy of Wolsey. He was beheaded May 
17th, 1521. 

Lord Cobkam.—V. 12. 1. 224. 
Thomas Brooke, Lord Cobham, succeeded his father 
in 1506. He was with Henry VIII. at Therouenne 
and Tournay, and the following year was sent with 
Lord Abergavenny to Calais. He died the 19th July, 
J521. 



NOTES. 147 

Lord Wilhughhy.—¥. 12. h 224. 
William, Lord Willoughby of Eresby, was associ- 
ated with Charles Brandon, Viscount Uisle, at the 
siege of Tournay, for the defence of the ordnance, to- 
gether with their bands, and was one of the command- 
ers who entered that city after the surrender. He 
died 1527, the 4th of May. 

There is the Earl of Essex gay. — P. 12. 1. 225. 
Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex, succeeded 1483. 
In 1 Henry VII. he was one of the privy council, and 
A. 14^3 attended that King to the siege of Bou- 
logne. Four years after, he was one of the chief com- 
manders at Blackheath, against the Cornish insur- 
gents. In 1509 he was appointed by Henry VIII. 
captain of his horseguard, then newly instituted for at- 
tending his person ; " which consisted of fifty horse, 
trapped with cloth of gold, or goldsmith's work, 
whereof every one had his archer, a demilance, and 
coustrill." In 1513, he was at Therouenne and 
Tournay, being then Lieutenant General of all the 
King's spears. He was killed by a fall from his horse, 
A. 1540. 



143 NOTES. 

Stafford stout, Marl of Wiltshire.—?. 12. 1. 226. 

Henry Stafford, created 1508 Earl of Wiltshire. He 
died without issue, March 6, 1522. 

Earl of Kent. —P. 32. 1. 227- 
Richard de Grey, Earl of Kent, Knight of the Gar- 
ter, attended Henry VIII. to Therouenne, and died 
the 3d of May, 1524. 

Lord Grey.—?. 12. 1. 22?'. 
John Grey, Lord Powys, was with the Earl of Ox- 
ford at the siege of Ardres in Picardy, A. 1517. 

Haughty Hastings, hot asfre. — P. 12. 1. 228. 

George, Lord Hastings, succeeded 1507. Attend- 
ed Henry VIII. to Therouenne in 1513. He was 
created Earl of Huntingdon in 1530; and 1537 
marched with other lords against the Pilgrimage of 
Grace. He died the 24th of March, 1544. 

There is the Marquis Dorset brave. — P. 33. 1. 22p. 
Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset, succeeded his 
father in 18 Henry VII. In 1511 he was general of 
the troops sent to Spain. They amounted to 10,000 



NOTES. 149 

men, who, besides bows and arrows, carried halberts, 
which they pitched in the ground till their arrows were 
shot. The General falling sick, the whole army re- 
turned without achieving any enterprize of moment. 
In 1513, he and four of his brothers, with some other 
English gentlemen, attended the tournament proclaim- 
ed at St Dennis, by Francis de Valois, heir of the 
crown of France. At the meeting of Henry VIII. and 
Francis I., he carried the sword of the former, and 
again jousted with great eclat. He died A. 1530. 

Fitzwater.—P. 13. 1. 230. 
Robert Radcliffe, Lord Fitzwalter. His father ha- 
ving borne arms for Perkin Warbeck, was attainted. 
After his death the son was restored by Henry VII. 
in 1506, to his honours. He was at the siege of 
Therouenne and Tournay. In 1523, he led the van 
in Surrey's expedition into France; and in 1526, was 
created Viscount Fitzwalter for his service, and the 
28th September, 1529> Earl of Sussex. He was ap- 
pointed Lord High Chancellor of England for life, and 
died October 17, 1542. 

Earl of Westmoreland, — P. 13. 1. 242. 
Instead of giving an account of the Earl of West- 



150 NOTES. 

moreland here mentioned, Mr Lambe introduces at 
this place the first of his long and desultory notes. He 
commences by an account of Ralph, Lord Nevil of 
Raby castle, and Earl of Westmoreland, who died 
1425, and his posterity; then relates some anecdotes 
concerning a Bishop of Winchester, the Bishops of 
Durham, and a Countess of Shrewsbury, which are 
not uninteresting, but neither tend to elucidate the 
poem, nor are in the least connected with the subject 
of it. He concludes with a pious sentence from St Aus- 
tin. It is hoped the above statement will sufficient- 
ly excuse the omission of this and other rambling 
notes, some of which extend to the length of thirty 
pages. Wherever Mr Lambe's illustrations are in the 
least pertinent to the subject, they have been careful- 
ly preserved. 

Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, succeeded to the title 
in 2 Richard III., being then 28 years old. His death 
is said to have been occasioned by grief for that of his 
eldest son. He was buried at Hornby, in Richmond- 
shire. 



of St Andrews brave. — P. 26. 1. 495. 
" Alexander Stewart, archbishop of St Andrews, was 



NOTES. 151 

the natural son of James IV., by Margaret, daughter 
of Archibald Boyd of Bonshaw. He was born in the 
year 14£5 ; and being a child of great hopes, all ima- 
ginable care was taken of his education ; for the king, 
his father, intending to breed him to the church, pro- 
vided an excellent tutor for him, the learned Doctor 
Patrick Panter, his secretary, who was a person tho- 
roughly qualified, in all respects, for so great a trust. 
This young gentleman having gone through a course 
of grammar learning, to all imaginable advantage, it 
was thought necessary, for the further improvement 
of his education, to send him abroad, into foreign 
parts, to follow his studies, which he did ; his Majes- 
ty having pitched upon Sir Thomas Halkerton to have 
the inspection of his education, and who, accordingly, 
accompanied him in his travels, as his preceptor and 
governor, (Epistolce Jacobi IV.) Mr Stewart having 
made the tour of France, he went to Italy, and settled 
at Padua, where he pursued his studies with uncom- 
mon application, under the direction of the most fa- 
mous masters, particularly that great restorer of learn- 
ing, Erasmus Roterodamus, whom we find, among 
other literati, exceedingly condoling the Archbishop's 
immature death* 



1 



152 xJDTES. 

" The King designing his son to the highest digni- 
ties of the church within his dominions, the pope Ju- 
lius II. indulged his Majesty in the matter, and pro- 
vided him to the Archbishopric of St Andrews, which 
had been kept vacant for him from the death of the 
former prelate, his uncle. 

" After the Archbishop had, by his study and tra- 
velling, rendered himself capable of serving the church 
and his country, he returned home in 1510, and was 
received with great love by the King, Queen, and court, 
and the nobility, for his rare learning, and natural 
sweetness of temper, qualities he was endowed with 
to a very eminent degree ; and the King, who loved 
him most passionately, being desirous that he should 
appear with as great lustre in the state as he was to do 
in the church, was pleased to make him Lord Chan- 
cellor in 1511 ; (Rymer's Feeder a) and, that the pope 
might contribute, he made him his legate d. latere in 
Scotland ; and gave him the rich abbey of Dunfermline, 
and priory of Coldingham, in commendam. All these dig- 
nities this most hopeful royal youth held for the space 
of three years, till he lost his life with the King, his 
father, at the battle of Fioddon, and above rive thou- 
sand of the noblest and worthiest persons of the king- 



NOTES. 153 

dom, when he had not fully completed the 21st year 
of his age. He was Archbishop of St Andrews, A. 
1510, (Reg* Chart. J, also, Chancellor and Archbi- 
shop, A. 1512, and Commendator of the two abbeys 
of Dunfermline and Coldingham. (Ibid. J He was bi- 
shop, A. 1511, (Errolet Chart. Aberd.) and 1512, 
(Cart. Dunf.y — Keith's Catal. of Bishops. 

> St Triman of Quhytehorn.— V. 27. 1. 511. 



" Triman of Quhytehorn, read Ninian of Quhyte- 
horn. [Probably corrupted from Ringan, the Gaelic 
name of that saint. See Chalmers's Lindsay, III. 3.] 
Many pilgrims resorted on the l6th day of September 
to the sepulchre of St Ninian, in the church of Whit- 
horn. The Queen of James III. undertook this pilgrim- 
age, A. 1474. The following article is in the ac- 
counts of the treasurer of Scotland : — " Item, To An- 
dro Balfour, 20th August, 1474, for livery-gowns to 
six ladies of the Queen's chamber, at her passing to 
Quhytehorn, 21 ells of grey, fra David Gill, price 
£\0, 10s. Scots." — The historian Hawthornden says, 
that James IV., upon his Queen being dangerously 
ill in childbed, 1507, went a pilgrimage on foot to St 
Ninians, at Whithorn in Galloway. In this journey 



154 NOTES. 

he fell in love with lady Jane Kennedy, a daughter of 
the Earl of Cassilis ; and he confined the Earl of 
Angus, for some time, to the island of Arran, for car- 
rying her away. At Whithorn, which was a bishop's 
see, there was a priory founded before the year 1126, 
by Fergus, Lord of Galloway." — Lam be. 

Dqffin, their demigod of Ross. — P. 27. 1. 512. 



" Doffin, demigod, read Duthack, demigod of Ross. 
He was a bishop and confessor, and lived at Tain, in 
Ross-shire. In the old breviary of Aberdeen, there is 
an office and legend of this saint, which enumerates 
the miracles wrought by him ; and mentions particu- 
larly that of his augmenting the quantity of victuals. 
There is a church dedicated to him, to which there 
was a great resort of pilgrims on his feast day, March 
8, often spoken of by the Scotch historians. 

" A. 1507, King James made many progresses 
through Scotland, holding courts, redressing grievan- 
ces, punishing offenders ; so that the country became 
so peaceable, that he ventured to ride, without any at- 
tendant, 130 miles, August 30th, in one day, from 
Stirling, by Perth and Aberdeen, to Elgin, where he 



NOTES. 155 

lay all night, without going to bed, upon a bare table, 
at the house of Thomas Lesly, parson of Elgin. He 
rose early the next morning, and rode forty miles to St 
Duthack's in Ross, and was there time enough to hear 
mass, and receive the sacrament, and to visit the 
saint's shrine/' August 31st, according to Holinshed, 
was that saint's festival day. In the Edinburgh Al- 
manack, March 8th, is St Duthack's feast ; but pos- 
sibly, like St Cuthbert, he might have had two feasts 
in the year. As the reader will not think this a matter 
of great consequence, we shall enquire no further about 
it. 

" This king made other pilgrimages to holy places, 
if not alone, at least on foot." — Lambe. The name 
of this saint is also corrupted in Sir David Lindsay's 
Monarchic : — 

*' Sanct Duthow borit out of ane block/* 

Abbots eke, bold as the rest, — P. 27. 1. 515. 

" William Bunch, Abbot of Kilwinning ; Lawrence 
Oliphant, Abbot of Incheffray." — Lambe. 

This note is followed by some observations on alli- 
teration. Little satisfactory evidence is brought for- 



156 NOTES. 

ward, but a long poem introduced, merely to show 
that the l6th century produced harmonious verses, as 
well as the age of Waller and Dry den ; though the 
work commented upon by Mr L. is by no means defi- 
cient in that respect. 

To Norham Castle strait they came. — P. 31. 1. 572. 
" Norham. Northham, Saxon. Antiquitus Ubban- 
ford, Symeon Dun. [84-0 Chron. Lindis.] The castle 
of Norham upon Twede is not of antiquitie compara- 
ble with the towne, for the churche of the towne was 
reedified by one Ecgrede, Byshop of Lyndisfarne, 
(which see is now at Durham,) above 700 yeares pass- 
ed, before which tyme also theare was a churche, for 
otherwise he could not have reedified it. (Symeon Dun.) 
It was by him dedicated to St Peter and Ceolwulphe, 
sometyme a kinge, and after professed in the religious 
house at Lindisfarne, now the Holy Isle, whose bodie 
before tyme laye buryed theare. This done, he gave 
it, together with Gedworde, Geinsforth, and many 
other thinges, lyinge betwene Tese and Weere to the 
church of Lindisfarne, or rather (to use their owne 
phrase) to St Cuthbert. But as for the castle of Nor- 
ham f 1123 Chron. Lindis. Alphred. Beverlac.J it was 



NOTES. 15T 

buylded longc tyme after, against the invasion of the 
Scottishe Borderers, by one Ranulphe, Byshope of 
Durham, in the 21st yeare of Henry I. his reigne. 
And Hugh Puteae, another Byshop of the same see, 
erected the great tower within the same, 1180. Chron. 
Lindisfarne. Kinge Jhon. (sayes Mat. of Westmin- 
ster) takinge advauntage of the peaceable disposition 
of William, then Scottish kinge, (Floril. 1209 J quar- 
relled withe him, and gatheringe an huge hoast toge- 
ther, so frayed him at this place, that he gladly gave 
him 11000 marcs for his peace. Edward the First 
called a parliament to Norham, whereunto he sum- 
moned the Lordes of Scotland (1291), and iayinge be- 
fore theim his right to the superioritie of that realme, 
which he had caused to be searched out of auncyent 
chronicles, vowed that he would bestow his life in that 
quarreil, if otherwise he might not obtayne; where- 
upon the nobles of that countrey (Vros'p.) by their 
autentical instrument, made recognition of that his 
righte, and weare contented that he should appointe 
to reigne which of them soever it should please him. 
( 'Hector ', 1328.J This charter begynneth thus, Flo- 
rentius Comes Holandioe, Robertus de Bruse, &c. 
Hector Boet. affirmeth, that Robert of Scotland wan 



158 NOTES. 

this castle from Edward III., but thereof our owne 
chroniclers have no mention ; only Lilley reporteth, 
(LiL 14-96 J that the Scottes made an attempt theare 
in the tyme of Henry VII., but that they prevailed 
nothinge."— »L am bard's Dictionarium Anglice Topo- 
graphicum et Historicum, (circa 15?7.J 

" A.D. 1121, Ralph Flamberg, Bishop of Durham, 
built Norham castle on' the top of a steep rock, and 
moated it round. He finished also the present cathe- 
dral church of Durham, which was begun by his pre- 
decessor William de Sancto Carilepho, A. 1080, who 
died A. 1097. Flamberg also built Framwel-gate- 
bridge, in Durham. He sate 29 years, and died A. 
1128. 

" The keep or tower of Norham was destroyed by 
the Scots, and afterwards rebuilt by Hugh Pudsey, 
by the command of his cousin King Stephen. He was 
bishop 42 years, and died A. 1195. 

" King Richard I. purposing to make an expedition 
into the Holy Land, raised money in all parts of his 
kingdom. Amongst other things, he sold to Hugh 
Pudsey the earldom of Northumberland, merrily 
laughing when he invested him, and saying, * Am I 
not cunning and my craft's master, that can make a 



NOTES. 159 

young earl of an old bishop ?' But this prelate was 
fit to be an earl, for the world, as one of that age 
said of him, was not cruciftxus to him, but injixus in 
him. — Lib. Dunelm. 

" What the state of the castle was in Queen Eliza- 
beth's time, we learn from Camden, who says, * In 
the utmost wall, and largest in circuit of the castle, are 
placed several turrets, on a canton, towards the river 
Tweed, within which there is a second inclosure, 
much stronger than the former, and in the middle of 
that again, rises a high keep or tower. Under the 
castle, on a level westward, lies the town of Norham, 
anciently called by the Saxons, Ubbanford, the upper 
ford, belonging to the Bishop of Durham. When the 
Danes had miserably wasted the Holy Island, wherein 
St Cuthbert lay buried, some endeavoured to convey 
his body beyond sea, but the winds standing contrary, 
they, with all due reverence, deposited the sacred bo- 
dy at Ubbanford, near the river Tweed, where it lay 
for many years, till the coming of King Ethelred. — 
Vid. William de Malmesbury de Gest. Poniif. lib. 1. 
This, and other matters, were taught me by George 
Carlton, born at this place, son to the keeper of Nor- 
ham castle. [Died, as Bishop of Chichester, A. 1628, 



160 NOTES. 

aged 69 years.] The old people told us that at Killey, 
(Kylo,) a little neighbouring village below Norham, 
were found, within the memory of our grandfathers, 
the studs of a knight's belt, and the hilt of a sword of 
massy gold, which were presented to Thomas Ruthal, 
Bishop of Durham." — Camden's Britannia. 

" Egred of noble birth, was consecrated Bishop of 
Holy Island, A. 831. He dedicated the church at 
Norham to the saints, Peter, Cuthbert, and Ceol- 
wulph, which he built together with the town, and 
gave them both to the see of Holy Island. He gave 
to it also the town of Jedburgh in Tiviotdale, with its 
appendages, and the church and town of Gainforth, 
and whatever belonged to it from the river Teise to 
the Weor. These two towns and church the Bishop 
built. — Sym. Dun. 

" King Ceolwulph, to whom Bede dedicated his 
Ecclesiastical History, was a learned man. He was 
descended from Ida, the first King of Northumberland. 
The former part of his reign was very troublesome. 
Afterwards, in time of peace, many Northumbrian 
nobles, and private men, with their King Ceolwulph, 
turned monks. In the tenth year of his reign, A. 738, 
he quitted his crown for a cowl, and entered the mo- 



NOTES. lfll 

nastery of the Holy Island, whither he carried his 
treasure, leaving his kingdom to Eadbert, his uncle's 
son. He endowed the monastery with the towns of 
Braynshaugh, Warkworth, and the church which 
he built there, and also four other villages, Wude- 
cestre, Whittingham, Edlingham, and Eglingham, with 
their appendages. After a long life, he was buried in 
the monastery. The above-mentioned Bishop Egred 
took up his body, and deposited it in the church of 
Norham. His head was afterwards carried to the ab- 
bey ofDurham. — SymeonDunelmens.Hoveden. 

rt The monks of the cell of Norham in the follow- 
ing year, called in the country to make their offerings 
at the shrine of their royal brother, who always per- 
formed some mighty miracle on his feast day. Out of 
the foundation of this cell, belonging to Holy Island, 
I dug a stone, on which were cut the effigies of the 
three patrons of Norham church, St Peter with his 
keys, St Cuthbert, and St Ceolwulph with his sceptre 
in his hand. Each of these saints hath his head co- 
vered with a monk's cowl or hood. 

" Cells were houses that belonged to all great ab- 
beys or monasteries. Sometimes they were so far dis- 
tant from one another, that the mother-abbey was in 
I. 



162 NOTES, 

England, and the child-cell beyond the sea, and so 
reciprocally. Some of these were richly endowed, as 
that of Wyndham in Norfolk, which was annexed to 
St Alban's, and was able at the dissolution, to expend, 
of its own revenues, <£72 per annum. Into these cells, 
the monks of the abbeys sent colonies, when they were 
too much crowded, or when they were afraid of an in- 
fectious disease at home. 

" Aidan, the founder of the monastery of Lindis- 
farne, or Holy Island, confined the monks to drink 
only milk and water. But the royal monk, Ceolwulph, 
finding his abode somewhat cool, in an island unshel- 
tered by either tree or bush, from the nipping sea- 
blasts, permitted his brethren, (as Hoveden says,) to 
drink both wine and ale." — Lam be. 

In the metrical romance of Artour and Merlin, in 
the Auchinleck MS., the residence of King Vriens is 
named Norham, and mentioned in this manner : 



'* The kinges, that discomfit ware, 
Al day and al night hadde yfare, 
On hors aimed with grete hete, 
Withouten drink, withouten mete, 
Til thai com to Norhant, 
A fair cite of gude waraunt : 
Norham was that time, y wene, 
A prout cite, and strong, and kene; 
1 



NOTES. 163 

Ich you telle at on word, 
King Vriens was thereof lord." 

V. 4195 of the Editors transcript. 

The poem was probably translated from the French 
about the beginning of the 14th century. But as the 
King of Northumberland is called Clarion, it may pos- 
sibly refer to some other place, perhaps Northampton. 
But in local investigations, romance-authority is cer- 
tainly no authority at all. 

Had it not been a false trait'rous thief 
Who came King James's face before. 

P. 32, 1. 590. 
" The King, by the advice of this traitor, descended 
from Ladykirk Bank into the flat ground, near the 
Tweed, now called the Gin-haugh, whence with his 
cannon he threw down the north-east corner of the 
castle-wall, a large fragment of which now lies by the 
side of the river. Bishop Tunstal, in Queen Elizabeth's 
time, rebuilt the wall: this is now very distinguish- 
able from the old work. 

u A field, near the castle, in which this traitor was 
hanged, is now called the Hangman's Land. The fact 
is not mentioned by the historians. By the account 



164 NOTES. 

of it in the poem, we shall more readily understand 
the following epigram of Sir Thomas More, Lord High 
Chancellor in the time of Henry VIII. 

" In Regem Scotice, qui arcem Norhamam proditam 
sibi, tamen oppugnavit, dissimulans proditam esse, 

Scote quid oppugnas Norliamam viribus Arcem 

Ante tibi falsa proditione datum ? 
Artibus ergo malis captafuit Arce voluptas 

Magna iibi forsan, sed brevis illafuit. 
Teque tuisque mala, merita sed, morte peremptis t 

Arx intra est paucos, capta, recepta, dies* 
Proditor inque tuo peter et cumpreemia regno 

Mors sceleri est merces reddita digna suo. 
Proditor ut pereat pereat cui proditor hostis 

Invicta in fatis arx habet ista siiis. 

" I take this to be the meaning of these two verses, 
which are the most difficult : — ' It was fated to this 
invincible castle, that the betrayer of it should perish, 
and likewise the enemy, by whom this traitor was ex- 
ecuted/ 

" There is a tradition here, that the King was told 
where the castle-wall was weakest, by a letter fixed 
to an arrow, shot over the Tweed, into his camp." — 
Lambe. 



NOTES. 165 

Saint Cuthberfs [banner for to beat . — P. 36, 1. 668. 

" St Cuthbert, according to the monkish writers, 
was born of royal blood in Ireland ; but others say, 
probably with more truth, in the north of England. 
He was nominated the sixth Bishop of Holy Island by 
King Egfrid. Overcome by many prayers and en- 
treaties, he quitted his hermetical life in a desart 
island, called Fame, situated in the Gemjan Gcean, 
nine miles from Holy Island; 

" In this island breeds a species of a large kind of 
brown fowl, no where else to be found in Great Britain. 
The feathers of them are very soft, and of great variety. 
As soon as the young ducks are hatched, they run 
with the old ones into the sea, and never return 
again ; but whither they go is not known. 

" St Cuthbert was consecrated at York, on Easter 
Sunday, A. 684, by Theodore, Archbishop of Canter- 
bury, in the presence of King Egfrid, many nobles, 
and six bishops. He sate two years, when, growing 
weary of his bishopric, he resigned it, and returned to 
his hermitage at the Farne-Island, where, soon after, 
he died, on the 20th day of March, 686. 

" It hath been mentioned above, that St Cuthbert 
was deposited at Norham. Whether he at last dish> 



166 NOTES. 

ked his damp situation, for he was buried near a well 
which now bears his name, or, whether, being only 
seven miles from the sea, he began to fear another vi- 
sit from his old foes the Danes, is not at present 
known ; but this is certain, that he ordered his monks 
to carry him twenty miles up the Tweed, to Melross 
in Scotland. In process of time he quarrelled with 
this place also ; upon which, by his direction, they 
put him into a stone-boat, * in which he sailed down 
the Tweed, to Tilmouth, where he landed. We can- 
not find, after the most diligent enquiry, how long he 
abode there. 

" Not many years since, a farmer of Cornhill co- 
veted the saint's boat, in order to keep pickled beef 
in it. Before this profane loon could convey it away, 
the saint came in the night-time, and broke it in pieces, 
which now lie at St Cuthbert's chapel, to please the 
curious, and confute the unbeliever. 



* On the west side of Tilmouth chapel, on the banks of the 
Tweed, is a remarkable curiosity ; a stone boat of as fine a 
shape as a boat of wood, in which St Cuthbert is said by tra- 
dition to have sailed down the Tweed, from Melross to this 
chapel. It is ten feet long within, three feet and a half in di- 
ameter, in the middle eighteen inches deep, four inches and a 
half thick. — Wallis's History of Northumberland. 



NOTES. 167 

" St Cuthbert was carried on the shoulders of the 
monks from Tilmouth into Yorkshire, then to Chester, 
and thence to Durham, where, charmed with the de- 
lightful situation thereof, he slept in peace for many- 
years. 

" Aldwin, the 23d bishop of Holy Island, and the 
first of Durham, erected a stone structure there, with 
the help of Uthred, Earl of Northumberland, and of 
all the dwellers between the rivers Coquet and Tees, 
who were paid for their work with the promises of im- 
mense rewards in another world. After their three 
years incessant labour, the generous monks gave them 
St Cuthbert's word for the payment of their heavenly 
wages, with which undeniable security they departed, 
well contented. 

" Aldwin's church was dedicated September 4, A. 
999> an d the corpse of the saint placed therein, 312 
years after its first interment in Holy Island. A hun- 
dred and five years after this sepulture, the body of 
St Cuthbert was carried round the present cathedral 
church, in a procession of monks, with a numerous 
train of attendants, and then deposited therein in a 
fine sepulchre, September 4th, A. 1104, in the time 



168 NOTES. 

of Ralph Flamberg, who preached a sermon upon this 
occasion. 

" The feast of the translation of St Cuthbert's body- 
is Celebrated, every year, in the county of Durham ; 
and particularly, with great reverence, by the inhabi- 
tants of Norham, on the first Sunday and Monday 
after the 4th day of September, O. S. 

" The monks frequently exhibited the body of this 
saint, uncorrupted, fragrant, and flexible, to the com- 
fort of many spectators of high and low rank. In this 
state of incorruption it remains to this day. 

" At the dissolution of the convents, the monks 
buried him in a private place of the abbey church, 
which none but three men know. When one of these 
is upon his deathbed, he imparts this invaluable secret 
to another faithful person ; 

* Fabellam, moriens, Mi dat habere tacendam ;' 

it being a very important affair to those, who expect 
a day will come, when the adoration of this holy man 
will be revived. I have heard from a Roman Catho- 
lic, that the saint's grave is in the church, not far 
from the clock. 



NOTES. 169 

" Some few years before the Reformation, a French 
bishop, returning out of Scotland, came to the shrine 
of St Cuthbert, where, kneeling down after his devo- 
tions, he offered a bawbee, a Scotch halfpenny ; say- 
ing, ' Sancte Cuthbert e, si sanctus sis, or a pro me I* 
But afterwards, being brought to the tomb of Bede, 
he likewise said his prayers, offering there a French 
crown, with this alteration : ' Sancte Bede, quia Sanc- 
tus es, ora pro me V 

" Soon after the battle of NeviFs Cross, A. 134fj, 
John Fosser, prior of Durham, made a new banner, 
and consecrated it to St Cuthbert. The staff of it was 
five yards long, covered with pipes, surmounted with 
a cross, under which was a rod as thick as a man's 
finger, fastened by the middle to the staff. At each 
end of which was a wrought knob, and a little bell. 
All these, except the staff', were of silver. The ban- 
ner-cloth of red velvet, fastened to the rod, was a yard 
broad, and one quarter deep : The bottom of it was 
indented in five parts ; on both sides, it was embroi- 
dered, and wrought with flowers of green silk and gold. 
In the midst of it was a square half-yard of white vel-> 
vet, whereon was a cross of red velvet, on both sides 
of the cloth. In it was enclosed that holy relique, the 



170 NOTES. 

corporax cloth, wherewith St Cuthbert covered the 
chalice, when he said mass. The banner-cloth was 
skirted with a fringe of red silk and gold ; and at the 
bottom of it hung three silver bells. 

" About seven hundred years ago, Edgar, Prince 
of Scotland, in his way thither, dreamt at Durham, 
that St Cuthbert, appearing to him, bade him take 
courage, and assured him, that if he carried his ban- 
ner along with him, his enemies should flee before, 
and he should sit upon the throne of his ancestors. 
Accordingly, the next morning, he obtained from the 
monastery the saint's banner. In the mean time, King 
Donald raised a huge army. As soon as the King's 
soldiers discovered the holy banner, glittering on the 
side of the Prince, they deserted. The King fled, and 
was taken by the country people, and brought to the 
Prince, who put him in prison, in which he died of 
grief. The Prince ascribed his victory to the saint's 
banner, and, as he could not do any less, he made a 
present of the manor of Coldingham, with its appen- 
dages, to the servants of this saint, the monks of Dur- 
ham ; and to Ranulph, Bishop thereof, he gave the 
town of Berwick. 



NOTES. 17 1 

" Richard de Lucy, and his associate, Humphrey 
de Bohun, took along with them the banner of King 
Edmond the martyr, by whose assistance they over- 
threw the Earl of Leicester's army, near Bury. King 
Henry II., the ensuing year, went a pilgrimage to 
Bury, and, at the shrine of St Edmund, made an ac- 
knowledgment of his protection, and decent returns to 
the abbots and monks of the convent. 

" The banners of St Cuthbert, King James, and of 
many Scotch noblemen, were brought from Floddon, 
and set up in the feretory of St Cuthbert's, in the ca- 
thedral of Durham, in which they remained till the 
abbey was suppressed by King Henry, when it, toge- 
ther with the exceedingly rich shrine of the saint, was 
plundered of its furniture, gold, and jewels. The vi- 
sitors found one stone there, of a sufficient value to 
redeem a prince. King Richard I. gave to St Cuth- 
bert his parliament robe of blue velvet, embroidered 
with golden lions. Many other rich copes were also 
bestowed upon him, of which several remain at this 
time in the cathedral. 

" Catherine, a French woman, the wife of Whit- 
tingham, Dean of Durham, who died 1579, burned 
the fine banner of St Cuthbert. She also carried out 



172 NOTES. 

of the Century Garth, the blue marble stones, which 
covered the graves of the priors, and placed them in 
the threshold, pavements, and walls of a house which 
she was building in the Bailey in Durham/' — Lambe, 

Sir Marmaduke Constable. — P. 37. 1. 677. 
The families of Constable take their surname from 
the office of Constable of Chester, which their ances- 
tors held. Soon after the conquest, Hugh Lupus, 
being appointed Earl Palatine of Chester, created his 
cousin Nigell Baron of Hauton, and ordained him 
Constable of Chester. He was the son of Ivon, Vis- 
count Constantine, in Normandy, by Emma, sister 
to Adam, Earl of Britain ; and from him the families 
of Constable derive their origin. Sir Marmaduke 
Constable of Flamburgh, in com. Ebor. knt. was born, 
on the authority of hisepitaph, in the year 1441. He had 
four sons ; but how many of them attended him to the 
field of Floddon, we are not able to determine. They 
were all knighted ; the eldest, Sir Robert, on the 17 th 
of June, A.D. 1497, at the battle of Blackheath. 
The others were, Sir Marmaduke, of Everingham ; 
Sir William Constable, of Hatfield in Holderness, and 
Sir John Constable of Kinalton. Sir Robert having 



NOTES. ITS 

been active in the rising about religion, in 28 Henry 
VIII., was pardoned, but being again implicated in 
the revolt of Lord Hussey, and others, was attainted, 
and executed at Hull. His son, Sir Marmaduke, at- 
tended Henry VIII. to Terouenne, and was knighted 
at Lisle the 14th October. 

For the epitaph of Sir Marmaduke, the elder, who 
probably did not long outlive the glory he acquired at 
Floddon, see the Appendix.* 

Bryan Tunstal, that bold esquire. — P. 39. 1. 724. 

" Sir Bryan Tunstal being slain at Floddon-Field, 
his effigy in full proportion, cut in stone, lies over his 
body in the chancel of Tunstal church ; near which 
is cut two cocks crowing, being his coat of arms. His 
mansion-house, Thurland-castle, [Lancashire,] being 



* It is a singular circumstance, that Marmaduke Maxwell 
Constable, Esq. of Everingham and Nitlisdale, is descended 
from four of the chiefs, who were present at Floddon-Field. 
He represents John, fourth Earl of Maxwell, Robert, Lord 
Herries, both of whom fell in the battle, and Sir Marma- 
duke Constable ; and is also a descendant of the family of 
the Haggerstons, whose ancestor fought under the Earl of 
Surrey. 



1T4 NOTES. 

moated round, with draw-bridges, is now [1 774-] th© 
property of Robert Welch, Esq., together with the ex- 
tensive lordship and church-living/'— Bensost. 

" The descendants of Sir Brian are Roman Catho- 
lics, of great property, seated at Wyclifie, near the 
river Tees. Their coat of arms is Sable, 3 combs 
Argent. Godwyn De Prcesulibus Anglice says, that 
the first person of note of this name, was a barber to 
William the Conqueror; and that, upon his being 
raised to a better fortune, he, in memory of his former 
condition, took for his arms, S. 3 combs Argent. Ma- 
ny bear in their arms a device, alluding to their pro- 
fession. Thus, in the island of Fionia, belonging to 
Denmark, the ancient family of Trool, which signifies 
a sorcerer, bears a devil. Sable, upon a field Gules." 
Lambe.* 

His son Lord Admiral should be drowned — P. 41.1. 760. 

Thomas, eldest son of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, 

commanded one of the ships which captured the squa- 



* The family of Tunstal is now represented by Mr Con- 
stable of Burton, Constable in liolderness, representative of 
the Viscounts of Dunbar in Scotland, to whose family the es- 
tate of WyclifFe devolved of that late eminent antiquary, Mar- 
maduke Tunstal, Esq. 



NOTES. 176 

dron of Andrew Barton, and accompanied the Mar- 
quis of Dorset into Spain, to assist King Ferdinand. 
Having succeeded his brother in the office of Lord 
High Admiral, he very diligently scoured the seas, 
and, before the battle of Floddon, landed five thou- 
sand men in aid of his father. At the battle, he and 
Lord Dacre effectually relieved the vanguard, under 
the command of Lord Edmund. For these services, 
he was created Earl of Surrey, the same day that 
his father became Duke of Norfolk. In 1520, he 
quelled a rebellion in Ireland, as Lord Deputy of that 
kingdom. After performing numerous other mili- 
tary exploits, his son fell a victim to the tyranny of 
Henry VIII., and had not the death of the King pre- 
vented it, himself had shared the same fate. 

Not Pirate John, for all his power, 

That great renowned Lothian knight, — P. 45. 1. 843. 

" John Barton, who, with his brothers, Robert and 
Andrew, received letters of marque from James IV., 
in order to revenge the death of their father, Captain 
John, who was killed by the Portuguese in the reign 
of James III." — Lambe. 

John Barton seems to have been the youngest of the 
three brothers, to whom reprisals against the Porta- 



1T6 NOTES. 

guese were granted by James IV. In November 1513 
he sailed with a squadron for France, but, falling sick, 
was landed at Kirkcudbright, and died there. 

That prove T by my son Sir Edward.— V, 47. 1. 879. 

Sir Edward Howard, second son of the Earl of 
Surrey, Lord Admiral of England, and not the mean- 
est of the heroes who have adorned the naval history 
of England. He scoured the channel, appeared be- 
fore Brest harbour, with forty-two vessels, and chal- 
lenged the French fleet to combat. But the latter 
waited for reinforcements, which soon appeared, com- 
manded by Prejeant de Bidoux. The gallant Admiral, 
however, would not await the junction of the fleet, but 
attacked it in Conquete harbour. He was the first 
who boarded the Admiral's ship, having rowed up with 
two gallies, filled with officers ; and was followed by 
one Carroz, a. Spanish cavalier, and seventeen Eng- 
lishmen. The French meanwhile cut the cable ; and 
Howard continuing to fight, was pushed overboard by 
the pikes, and drowned. The fleet, upon his death, 
returned to England , 

Put case our total English power, SfC. — P. 50. 1. 929« 
This stanza reminds us of a similar x)ne, which de- 



NOTES. 177 

filgs the beautiful ancient romance of Amis and Ame- 

lion, when two ladies are going to be committed to the 

flames :— * 

" Icharai comen hider today, 

For to sauen him giue y may, 

And bring hem out of bende ; 
For certes it were michel vnright 
To make a roste of leuedis bright, 

Ywis ye eren vnkende.— — v. 1135, etse 

At Boorth, where the raging Boar. — P. 54. 1. 1007. 
Richard. III. had for his device a white boar, and 
was often distinguished by this appellation. 

Their mighty Mars, King Malchomy. — P. 56. 1. 104-9. 
" Malcolm III. was killed, together with his son, 
at a place called Malcolm's Well, near Alnwick, 
about the year 1092." — Lambe. 

King David unto Durham came. — P. 56. 1. 1053. 

" Many nobles of Scotland, and 15,000 men, were 
slain in this battle, which was fought on St Luke's 
day, A. 1346, in the time of Edward III. Part of 
Nevil's cross, erected upon this occasion, is now 
standing." — -Lambe. 

Minot has a very spirited poem, how 

" Sir David had of his men grete loss, 
With Sir Edward at the Nevil's ross." 

M 



178 NOTES. 

In battle, by Sir Henry Percy, — P. 57« I- 1064. 

" In this battle, fought on Holyrood day, Septem- 
ber 14, 1402, were slain twenty-seven Scotch knights, 
and 10,000 men. Murdac, Earl of Fife, son to Ro- 
bert Duke of Albany, Governor of Scotland ; Archi- 
bald, Earl of Douglas ; Thomas, Earl of Murray ; 
George, Earl of Angus, and others, were taken prison- 
ers, in a valley near Hamildon, by Henry, Lord Percy, 
son to the Earl of Northumberland, and George Dun- 
bar, Earl of March." — Lambe. 

With pen I shall make true report. — P. 58. 1. 1 100. 
" In this enumeration of the English officers, the 
name of the eminent John Winschomb, commonly call- 
ed Jack of Newbury, is omitted, who marched to the 
Earl of Surrey with a hundred of his own men, all 
armed and clothed at his expence. He was, in the 
reign of Henry VIII., the greatest clothier in Eng- 
land. He kept one hundred looms at work in hjs 
house, which was to be seen a century ago ; but is 
now divided into several tenements. He built the 
church of Newbury, in Berkshire, which is a noble 
edifice, or rather the west part of it, from the pulpit, 
and also the tower," — Lambe. 

12 



NOTES. 179 

Lord Ogle.— P. 59- 1. H15. 
Ralphe, Lord Ogle, had summons to parliament in 
1508 and 1511, and marched in the van at the battle 
of Floddon. 

Lord Lomly.-Y. 6\. 1. 1145. 
John, Lord Lumley, fought at Floddon, and the year 
following was summoned to Parliament. 

Latimer.— ?.6l.\. 1145. 
Richard Nevil, Lord Latimer, succeeded his grand- 
father in 9 Edward IV. He was one of the command- 
ers against the Earl of Lincoln at Noke ; also under 
the Earl of Surrey, at Norham castle ; and again, in 
the battle of Floddon. He died in 1530. 

Lord Corners stout and stiff in stoure. — P. 6l. 

1. 114S. 

William Coniers, Lord Coniers, succeeded his father 

in 5 Henry VII. He was one of the commanders in 

the army appointed to raise the siege of Norham- 

castle ; and also at Floddon-Field. He died in 1524. 

Mr Lambe introduces here, after an explanation of 

-the word stoure, a strange farrago of criticisms and ob- 



180 NOTES. 

servations, the mere catalogue of which will suffi- 
ciently apologise for their omission in the present edi- 
tion. He commences with a pious wish for a Scotch 
dictionary; (and it were heartily to be wished Mr 
Lambe had seen his wish so ably realized in the pre- 
sent day ;) then follow observations from classical au- 
thors ; then criticisms upon Shakespeare ; then again 
remarks on classical lore ; on Robin Hood ; and, 
finally, a severe analysis of Pope's version of Homer, 
undoubtedly very just, but, like the rest of this olio, 
not in the least conducive to those historical and ex- 
planatory elucidations, which it is the chief duty of an 
editor to annex to works like the present. 

Lord Scroop ofUpsal.—P. 62. 1. 1158. 
Ralph Scroop, Earl of Upsal, died 1515. 

Sir Christopher Ward.— P. 62. 1. 1165. 
Sir Christopher Ward, of Gryndall, in Yorkshire 
was standard-bearer to Henry VIII., at the siege of 
Rouen. See Fuller's Worthies in Com. Ebor, 

Sir Metham, Sidney, Averingham. — P. 62. 1. 1168. 
Sir Thomas Metham of Metham, knight. Sir Wil- 



NOTES. 181 

liam Sidney of Penshurst, in Kent, knight. Sir John 
Everingham, knight. 

Sir Edmund.— V. 63. 1. 1183. 
Edmund, third son of the Duke of Norfolk, led the 
van in the battle of Floddon- Field ; and though he be- 
haved himself very gallantly, he was defeated by the 
Scots. He was at the time a knight, and marshal of 
his host. His second daughter was Catharine, fifth 
wife of King Henry VIII. 

Most fierce he fought at Thallian Field. — -P. 65. 
1. 1221. 

" I do not know what is meant by Thallian Field. I 
take the author to have been a Yorkshire schoolmaster; 
(Vid. Sir Edward Stanley's Speech.) Having his 
head perhaps full of rhetorical figures, he uses the word 
Thallian for Thessalian, per Syncopen, alluding to the 
plains of Thessaly, where a battle was fought, in the 
Roman civil wars, between Caesar and Pompey." — 
Lam be. 

The reason why I cajmot accede to Mr Lambe's hy- 
pothesis of the schoolmaster, has been stated above. 
Thallian is perhaps a corruption, or, what is still 
more probable, a local appellation now lost. 



182 NOTES. 

Martin Swart.— "P. 65. 1. 1222. 

" Martin Swart, a German colonel, and others 
under the command of John, Earl of Lincoln, were de- 
feated by Henry VII., at a place called Noke, about 
three miles from Newark." — Lambe. 

Swart (probably a corruption of Schwartz, a com- 
mon name of the Germans,) seems to have had great 
celebrity, as his memory was transmitted by popular 
songs among the multitude. 

Thus, in the interlude " The longer thou livest, the 
more fool thou art" among other scraps of songs 
which Moros sings, is the following : 

" Maitin Swart and his man, sodledum, sodledum, 
Martin Swart and his man, sodledum bell." 

And, in a poem of Skelton, " Against a comely Coy- 
strowne" &c. the same song is alluded to : 

" With hey holy lo, whip thee Jack, 
Alumbek, sodyldym, syllorymben, 
Curiowsly he can both counter and knak 
Of Martin Swart, and all his mery men." 

See Ritson's Ancient Songs, Dissertation, p. Lxi, 



NOTES. 183 

Next went Sir Bold.— P. 65. 1. 1229- 
Sir Richard Bold of Bold married the daughter of 
Sir Thomas Gerard, who brought considerable suc- 
cours of his tenants and archers out of Brindall, in 
Lancashire, to the assistance of the Earl of Surrey. 
He behaved with great gallantry at Floddon ; and to 
the Lancastrian archers the fame of the victory is ge- 
nerally ascribed. He seems inadvertently omitted in 
this numerous catalogue of English knights. 

And Butler brave.—?. 65. 1. 1229. 
Sir Thomas Butler of Beausey, in the county of 
Lancaster, knight. 

Then Barkerton bold, and By god grave.— P. 66. 

1. 1231. 
Ralph Bruerton. John Bigod. 

With Warcop wild. — P. 65. 1. 1232. 
Robert Warcop. 

Next Richard Chomley.—V. 65, 1. 1233. 
Richard Cholmondeley of Cholmondeley, in Che- 
shire, knight, was knighted in 12 Henry VII., for his 



184 NOTES. 

services against Perkin Warbeck ; and, at the battle 
of Floddon, commanded the forces of the town of 
Kingston upon Hull. For his achievements in this vic- 
tory he was made lieutenant of the Tower of London 
He died in the year 1521. 

Lawrence of Dun.-— IP. 65. 1. 1235. 
John Lawrence of Dun. 

With Stapylton.—Y. 66. h 1238. 
Brian Stapleton, Esq. 

Next whom Fitzwilliam. — P. 66. 1. 1239* 
Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam of Aldwark, com. Eborac. 

Sir John Radclife.—P. 68. 1. 1279. 
John Radchtfe of Radcliffe, Lancashire. 

Sir William Gascoin grave.-— P. 68. 1. 1280. 
Sir William Gascoign of Lasingcroft. 

The next went Sir John Maundevill. — P. 68. 1. 1291. 
Some of the copies read John Maundevill, and some 
John Normanville. The latter is undoubtedly right, 
as the name occurs in Halle's Catalogue. 



NOTES. 185 

Then Richard Tempest. — P. 69. 1. 1299. 
Sir Richard Tempest was, in 1513, one of the squires 
of the king's body. 

And whereas the castle of Ford. — P. 73. 1. 1377. 

" There is a tradition here, [at Norham,] that 
King James, returning from a visit to Mrs Heron, 
at Ford-castle, found himself in danger of drown- 
ing, in his passage through the Tweed, near Nor- 
ham, at the west ford, which is pretty deep on the 
Scotch side. Upon which, he made a vow to the Vir- 
gin Mary, that, if she would carry him safe to land, 
he Would erect and dedicate a church to her upon the 
banks of the Tweed ; which he performed in the jubi- 
lee year, A. 1500, according to an old inscription on 
the church, mostly now defaced. 

" This Gothic structure is much admired. It is en- 
tirely of stone ; the roof of it rests upon, what the ma- 
sons call here, point-cast arches, which are supported 
by nineteen buttresses/' — Lam be. 

" Ford-castle, in Glyndale, upon the east side of 
Tille. It is metly stronge, but in decay/' — Lel, Hist. 
v. 7. p. 54. 



1S6 NOTES. 

It appears from Madox's Exch. p, 64-7, that Sir 
William Heron built the castle in the year 1227, the 
estate having come into his family by an intermar«» 
riage with the heiress of Ford, who derived her descent 
from O'Donnel de Ford, who was seised of it in the 
reign of Henry I. This Sir William was governor of the 
castles of Bamborough, Pickering, and Scarborough ; 
Lord Warden of the forest north of Trent, and Sheriff 
for Northumberland, for eleven successive years. In 
the year 1385, the Scotch, under the Earls of Fife, 
March, and Douglas, making an inroad, destroyed the 
castles of Ford, Wark, and Cornhill. 

Sir William Heron succeeded his brother John in the 
year 1498, being 20 years old. He was High-sheriff of 
Northumberland in the year 1526, and died the 8th of 
July, 1535.* He was twice married. By Elizabeth, his 
first wife, he had a son, William, who died before him ; 
by the second, Agnes, he had no issue. It is uncertain 
which of these two was the redoubted Lady of Ford. 
Halle mentions the former. It is still more uncertain 
who was the daughter, who is said to have captivated 



Wallis says, the 2Sth of June, 1536. 



NOTES. 187 

the Archbishop of St Andrews. In the genealogical 
table of the house of Heron no daughter appears ; and 
William, the son, cannot well be supposed to have 
been married at that time. His wife, Margaret, after 
his death, espoused John Heron of Thornton, and sub- 
sequently Sir George Heron of Chipchase ; and was 
still living the 27th July, 1596. By her first husband 
she had a daughter, Elizabeth, who inherited the 
castles and manors of Ford, Eshet, and Simonburn ; 
and who married Thomas Carr, Esq. of Etall. 

Ford-castle was the great barrier for the east march 
against Scotland. In a survey of the Borders in 1542, 
we have the following account of it : — " The castell 
of Forde, standinge lykewyse upon the est syde of the 
said ryver of Tyll, was brunte by the last kinge of 
Scots, a lytle before he was slayne at Flodden-Felde. 
Some part thereof hathe bene reparetted againe 
sy thence that tyme ; but the great buyldings, and 
most necessarye houses, resteth ever sythens waste and 
in decaye ; the which, if they were repared, were able 
to receyve and lodge ane hundreth and mo horsemen, 
to lye there in garrison in tyme of warre. And, for 
that purpose, that is a place much convenient, and 
standeth well for servyce to be done at any place with- 



188 NOTES. 

in the said est march ; and ys of th' inherytaunce of 
Sir William Heron's heyres." — Cotton MSS. Caligula, 
B. VIII. f. 63. f. 72. of the MS. 

Previous to the battle of Floddon, the castle was as- 
saulted and taken. In 1549, the Scots, under D'Esse, 
a French general, laid the greater part in ashes, but 
were unable to reduce one of the towers, which was 
gallantly defended by Thomas Carr.— Wallis' and 
Hutchison's Histories of Northumberland. Genea- 
logical Table of the Family of Heron, 1797 > fol. Ge- 
nealogical History of the Ancient Family of Heron, 
London, 1803, Mo. 

Lord Johnston. — P. 73. 1. 1389. 
James Johnston, lord of that ilk, succeeded his fa- 
ther in 1509, was in high favour with James IV. and 
V., and died 1528, or 1529. 

Even on the height of Floddon-Hill.-—Y . 85. 1. 1617. 
" The eminence, called Floddon, lies near the river 
Till. It is the last and lowest of those hills, that ex- 
tend on the north-east of the great mountain of Che°. 
viot, towards the low ground on the side of the Tweed, 



NOTES. 189 

from which river Floddon is distant about four miles. 
The ascent to the top of it, from the side of the river 
Till, where it takes a northerly direction, just by the 
foot of the declivity on which the castle and village of 
Ford stand, is about half a mile ; and over the Till, at 
that place, there is a bridge. On the south of Flod- 
don lies' the extensive and very level plain of Millfield, 
having on its west side high hills, the branches of the 
Cheviot ; on the north, Floddon, and other moderate 
eminences adjoining to it ; on the south and east, a 
tract of rising grounds, nigh the foot of which is the 
slow and winding course of the Till. The nearest ap- 
proach for the English army to Floddon was through 
this plain, in every part whereof they would have been 
in full view of the Scots, where they had a great ad- 
vantage in possessing an eminence, which, on the side 
towards the English, had a long declivity, with hollow 
and marshy grounds at its foot, while its crown con- 
tained such an extent of almost level ground, as would 
have sufficed for drawing up, in good order, the forces 
that occupied it. Surrey encamped on Wooler-haugh> 
on the 7th September." — W. Hutchinson, North- 
umberland, Anno 1776. Newcastle^ 1778. 



190 NOTES. 

On Monday the 5 th September, he had lodged at 
the village of Bolton, a small village in the vale of 
Whittingham, on the north side of the Till, where all 
the noblemen and gentlemen met him with their reti- 
nues, to the number of twenty-six thousand men. — - 
Wallis. 

^Bastard Hearon is my name. — P. 89. 1. 1700. 
John Heron, the bastard, was son of John Heron of 
Ford, by a concubine. Having, in an affray at a bor- 
der-meeting, unfortunately killed Sir Robert Ker, 
warden of the middle-marches, butler to James IV., 
and a great favourite with the King, he was outlawed 
in both kingdoms. Henry VII., to appease his son-in- 
law, delivered Sir William Heron to James, who kept 
him a prisoner in Fast-Castle-Tower, in the Mers, 
on a rock above the Firth of Forth, until the battle of 
Floddon-Field. In the first onset of the battle, the 
right wing of the English army was defeated, and Sir 
Edmund Howard, who commanded it, being left alone 
on the ground, the Bastard, at the head of a troop of 
horse he had disciplined in the Cheviot mountains, 
threw himself between the two armies, and engaged 
the enemy until the English rallied. Some accounts 



NOTES. 191 

join Lord Dacre with the Bastard in this action ; but 
Halle, an author of great authority, Says in his Chro- 
nicle, " that Heron, the bastard, though much 
wounded, rescued Sir Edmund ; and that Lord Dacre, 
wyth hys company, stode styl al daye unfoughten 
withall."* The Bastard, who was a famous warrior 
in those days, was afterwards killed, as some authors 
report, in an engagement on the Borders. He must 
have been older than his brothers ; for, on the death 
of Sir Ralph Grey, the 4th April, 1506, Johis Heron 
Bastardus was found to be seised of the manors of 
Chiltingham, Howick, &c. &c. as surviving feoffee, in 
trust for Lady Grey for life. It is therefore probable, 
the Bastard was born before his father's marriage. 
Thomas, son and heir of Sir Ralph, was then four years 
old. — Genealogical History of the Family of Heron, 
London, 1803, 4<to. 

The army lodged at Barmoor wood.—V. 94. 1. 1792, 

Barmore was the villa of the family of Muschampe 

in 1 Edward I., in 10 Elizabeth, and in 20 James I. 



* This is, however, disproved by Dacre's letter printed in 
Pinkerton's History, and by the original Gazette of the Lord 
Admiral. 



192 NOTES. 

At this village, in 1418, the lords marchers of the 
northern counties were assembled with 100,000 men 
against the Scots, who retreated upon the report 
of such a mighty army. Lord Howard and his son 
lodged at Barmore wood the night after the battle of 
Floddon. — Wallis. 

And at Milfield.—V. 94. 1. 1800. 
Milfield, a small village where the Saxon kings of 
Berenicia, after the death of King Edwin, sometimes 
resided ; on the south side of which is a spacious and 
beautiful plain, formerly overgrown with broom, fa* 
mous for the defeat of a large party of Scots, before 
the battle of Brankston, [Floddon,] by Sir William 
Bulmer of Bramspeth Castle, who commanded the 
forces of the bishoprick of Durham. The Scots had 
concealed themselves among the broom ; five or six 
thousand of them were killed, and four hundred taken 
prisoners. They afterwards called the road through 
the plain,* The ill road.-t-Hoi,. Chron. Wallis. See 
the Second Fit, 



* More probably the raid, or incursion, was thus called. 



NOTES. 193 

Sir Malkin Keen.— P. IOG.1. 2024. 
Called, in the French Gazette, Illackeen. 

Where David Hume down dead layJlung.—P. 108. 
1. 2064. 
Perhaps David, brother to Lord Home, and Prior 
of Coldingham. 

The one Craufford called, the other Montross. — P. 108. 
1. 2073. 

John Lindsay, fifth earl of Crawfurd, succeeded his 
father in ]494. He was a man of great courage 
and resolution, and was among the slain at Floddon- 
Field. 

William, Lord Graham, afterwards Earl of Mon- 
trose, which title he obtained from James IV. in 1504. 
He had commanded the army of James III. against 
the rebels, and also lost his life at Floddon. 

And mitred prelates. — P. 109. 1. 2092. 
George Hepburn, Bishop of the Isles. Bishop of 
Caithness. 



194 NOTES. 

With the Earl of Catness and Castell.—V. 109. 
L 2093. 

William, second earl of Caithness, succeeded his fa- 
ther in 1480, and was killed at Floddon. David, 
third lord Kennedy, and created, in 1509, or 1510, 
Earl of Cassilis by James IV., and was also one of his 
privy council. He lost his life at Floddon. 

In the notes on Mr Leyden's ode on visiting Flod- 
don, the following curious anecdote is preserved :— 

" Under the vigorous administration of James IV., 
the young Earl of Caithness had incurred the penalty 
of outlawry and forfeiture, for revenging an ancient 
feud. On the evening preceding the battle of Flodden, 
accompanied by three hundred young warriors, array- 
ed in green, he presented himself before the King, and 
submitted to his mercy. This mark of attachment 
was so agreeable to the warlike prince, that he grant- 
ed an immunity to the Earl and his followers. The 
parchment, on which this immunity was inscribed, is 
said to be still preserved in the archives of the earls 
of Caithness, and is marked with the drum-strings, ha- 
ving been cut out of a drum-head, as no other parch- 
ment could be found in the army. The Earl and his 
gallant band perished to a man in the battle of Fiod- 

2 



NOTES. 195 

den ; since which period, it has been reckoned unlucky 
in Caithness to wear green, or cross the Ord on a Mon- 
day, the clay of the week on which the chieftain ad- 
vanced into Sutherland." — Minst. of the Border, vol. i. 
p. 290. 

The Earl of Morton and of Mar r.— P. 109. 1. 2094. 
John Douglas, second Earl of Morion. Robert Ers- 
kine, Earl of Marr, fell at Floddon-fieJd. 

With Arell, Adefl, and Athell—V, 10p. 1. 20p5. 

William Hay, fifth Earl of Errol, accompanied 
James IV. with a great many of his friends, and 
most of the gentlemen of his name, to Floddon-Field, 
where they all lost their lives. 

John Stewart, second Earl of Athole, succeeded his 
father, 1512, and was also killed at Floddon. Adell 
is probably only a repetition of Athole. 

Of Both-well bold, and ofGlenkar.—V. 109. 1. 2096*. 

Patrick Hepburn, third Lord Hales, was one of the 

ringleaders of the rebellion, which proved fatal to 

James III. Upon the accession of James IV., he was 

prime minister ; and, in 1488, was created Earl of 



106 NOTES, 

Bothwell. Shortly after, he was made hereditary 
Lord High Admiral of Scotland. He fell at Floddon- 
Field. 

Cuthbert Cunningham, third Earl of Glencairn, was, 
in 1509, of the privy council. 

Lord Lovat — P. 110. 1. 2097. 
Thomas Fraser, third Lord Lovat; a man of great 
courage and spirit, was appointed by James IV. his 
justiciary in the north, and died 1530. 

So Clueston, Inderby, and Ross.— P. 110. 1. 2098. 

Sir Patrick Houston of Houston. 

Thomas Stewart, Lord Innermarth, fell at Floddon, 
as well as the following. 

Sir John Ross of Halkhead, who was created Lord 
Ross of Halkhead in the beginning of the reign of James 
IV., and was a man of great courage and intrepidity. 

With Borthwick, Bargeny, and Forbes. —P. 110. 

1. 2100. 
William Borthwick, third Lord Borthwick, was ap- 
pointed, by James IV., magister hospitii. 
John, Lord Forbes, died in the year 1547. 



NOTES. 197 

Lord Ar skill, Sent clear, and SimpelL — P. 110. 
1. 2101. 

Robert, Lord Erskine, has already occurred under 
the title of Earl of Mar. 

Henry Sinclair, created Lord Sinclair, obtained a 
lease of the lands and lordships of Orkney and Shet- 
land, and was made justiciary and keeper of the castle 
of Kirkwall, for the payment of five hundred and 
fifty merks annually. He was killed in the field of 
Floddon. 

Sir John Semple, eighth Baron of Eliotstoun, was 
created in 1488 Lord Semple. He wajs also slain in 
this battle. 

Cowell, Kay, and Caddie Hume. — P. 110. 1. 2104. 
Mr Cowel, Clerk of the. Chancery, named in the 
Gazette, Le Sr. de Colwyn. 

Sir Cuthbert Hume of Fastcastle. 

Haburn.—¥. 111. 1. 2129. 
Habert, (Lambe has Herbert) should be Hepburn. 



198 NOTES. 

The Earl of Huntley.—?. U4. 1. 2187. 

Alexander, third Earl of Huntley, was one of the 
guarantees of a treaty of peace with England in 1509. 
At the battle of Floddon, he gave his opinion against 
fighting; but seeing his King determined to risk the en- 
gagement, he behaved with uncommon gallantry ; and, 
with the right wing, which he commanded, drove all 
before him ; but the main body, and left wing, being 
defeated, he was forced to make his retreat in the even- 
ing with great difficulty. He was appointed, in the mi- 
nority of James V., lieutenant of the north, and join- 
ed in commission with the Earls of Angus, Arran, and 
Argyle, as governors of the young King. He died 
A. 1523. 

Through the liberality of George Chalmers, Esq. I 
have been enabled to adorn the present edition with a 
delineation of the standard of this valiant Earl ; and to 
this obligation he has added another, by annexing 
the following very satisfactory account of the history 
of the standard, and exposition of the motto: — 

" The Earl of Huntley gallantly attempted to re- 
store the battle. In doing this, Sir William Molyneux 
of Seftonhall, in Cheshire, the progenitor of the Earl 
of Sefton, took Huntley's standard, or pennon, which 



// '& c //</ /?r/ff ***/ 



'f////, 




*c* 







/>,,/>/,.>■/„;■/ /,/yl C 'cnrtaM* v < 



NOTES. 199 

he hung up as a trophy in Sefton-hall, where it re- 
mained till the reign of Elizabeth, when the heralds 
went there to make their usual visitation. The he- 
ralds then and there made a drawing of this pennon, 
which remains now in the Heralds' College, whence I 
obtained the inclosed copy. As for the exposition, 
the figures plainly represent the Earl of Huntley's ar- 
morial coat, in that age. As to the Mot. Clae tot, 
the transverse line over the ae denotes the m abstract- 
ed ; then we have Clame tot. Menage will help us to 
the old French verb, darner ', signifying appeler, *■ to call, 
to call aloud those who ought to appear/ In Kelham, 
we have the word tot, i all/ The motto then is, Call 
all, Let all repair to this pennon/' 

Earl of Lennox and Argile. — P. 114. 1. 2188. 

Matthew, second Earl of Lennox, a man of great 
spirit, was slain at Floddon. 

Archibald, second Earl of Argyle, was appointed 
Chancellor of Scotland in 1494, Chamberlain in 1495, 
and Master of the Household in 1498. At Floddon- 
Field he commanded the van, behaved with great in- 
trepidity, and was killed. 



200 NOTES; 

His captains keen failed at Ms feet, 
And standard-bearer down was slain. 

P. 117. 1,2247* 
" The Scots cast themselves into a ring, who were 
all slain with the King, except Sir William Scot, his 
Chancellor, and Sir John Forbes, his Serjeant-porter, 
who were taken prisoners, and with great difficulty 
escaped. The battle lasted three hours." — Lam be. 

Among the numerous instances of the melancholy 
effects of this destructive battle, the following is select- 
ed as one of the most striking : — 

" In the reign of James IV. of Scotland, Andrew 
Pitcairn of Pitcairn, with his seven sons, went to the bat- 
tle of Flouden, where they were all killed. The widow, 
who was lefj pregnant at home, was delivered of a post- 
humous son, who continued the family. But, by the hard- 
ships of the times, they were both turned out of possession. 
Dr Archibald, the celebrated poet and physician, had,, 
amongst the charters of the family, one from James V., 
restoring the widow to her jointure, and the heir to 
his estate, with this honourable mention, that his fa- 
ther, with seven sons, had died on Flouden- Field, fight- 
ing valiantly for his royal father/' — General Dictio- 
nary, Historical and Critical, London, 1739? foL 



NOTES. 201 

Fair.— 1\ 118.1. 2254-. * 
u Fair perhaps should be Ker." — Lam be. 

And last of all among the lave. — P. 118. 1. 2257. 

Among the numerous sons of nobles, who fell a£ 
-Floddon-Field, were the two eldest of William, Earl of 
Marishall. It is doubtful whether the Earl himself 
was present. He lived several years after the battle ; 
and, as he would no doubt have been in the division 
commanded by the King, his life, like that of so many 
other chiefs, would probably have been sacrificed. On 
the other hand, he is mentioned by Pitscottie, in the 
debates of the lords of the council, previous to the 
battle, and by them nominated one of the command- 
ers of the northern forces. 

The standard of the Earl, "a copy of which will be 
found in the present Work, would at all events have 
accompanied his forces, whether led by him in person, 
or by the Master of Marishall, Robert Lord Keith, 
who, with his brother William de Keith, fell in the 
battle. The manner in which the banner-rolLwas 
preserved, renders this singular curiosity doubly re- 
markable. It appears, that the standard-bearer of the 
Earl was denominated Black John Skirving of Plew- 
land-hill. He had, besides the latter estate, which is 



202 NOTES. 

situated in the parish of Humbie, East- Lothian, and im- 
mediately adjoins the lands of Keith Marishall, four 
acres for carrying the standard of the Earl. Seeing 
the ruinous termination of the battle, he tore the ban- 
ner-roll off the flagstaff, and concealed it about his 
body, previous to surrendering himself prisoner. Be- 
ing, after several years, released, he found his estates 
in the possession of another ; but, upon application 
being made, he got them restored. The estate, and 
with it the singular relic, remained in the family for se- 
veral ages. The former was sold about forty years 
ago, while the latter was carefully preserved, and has 
lately been presented to the Advocates' Library by Mr 
William Skirving of Edinburgh, the last surviving de- 
scendant of the gallant standard-bearer. 

The arms and motto (Veritas Vincit) are those of 
the family of Keith Marishall. 

The carcase of the King himself, — P. 119. 1. 2277. 
41 The next day after the battle, the body of King 
James was found. He had received many wounds, 
most of them mortal. He was wounded in diverse 
places with arrows, his neck was opened to the middle, 
and his left hand, in two places, almost cut off, so that 



NOTES. 203 

it scarcely hung to his arm. A great number of noble- 
men lay dead around the King, whose body, though 
much defaced, was known at the first sight, by some 
private marks, by Lord Dacres, Sir William Scot, 
Sir John Forman, and other Scottish prisoners/' — > 
Lambe. 

Great store of guns and warlike gear. — P. 11 9. 
1. 2285. 

" The Scots had twenty-two large brass cannon, and 
particularly seven of a very wide bore, all of the same 
size and make, called The Seven Sisters, which the 
Earl of Surrey sent down to Berwick/' — Lambe. 

The following account of the artillery taken from 
the Scots, is probably the most accurate, as it is that 
of the original Gazette, printed by Pinkerton from a 
MS. in the Heralds' College, London : — 

" Le nombre de Vartillerie, que le Roy d'Escosse 
pcrdit a lajournee de Br an Jest on, le ix* jour de Sep- 
tembre. 

Item, — cinq, groux court atdx. 
Item, — deux colorynes. 



201 NOTES. 

Item, — quatre sacre de la mesme grandeur, qui 
estoient au devant du navyre appelle la Rozt 
Gallee. 
Item, — six serpent ynes plus grandes, et plus 
tongues, que serpentyne que le Hoy nre Sr. a. 
En tout la quantiti de xvii pieces, 
Lesquelles sont le plus cleres, et les plus neetes, et les 
myeulx fassonees, et avec les moindres pertuys a la 
touche ou V on met lefeu, et les plus belles de leur gran- 
deur et longueur que jai viz oncques ; et les d'cour- 
taulx sont desfort bonne taille, et neetes." 

The artillery was conveyed to Etall, a castle held 
by the ancient family of Manners, ancestors of the 
Dukes of Rutland. It was built Jn the year 1341. 

This field was fought in September, 

In Chronicles as may be seen; 
In the year of God, as I remember, 

One thousand five hundred and thirteen, 

P. 120. 1. 2297, &e. 

" The King's body was brought to Berwick, and. 

there embowelled, embalmed, and cered and closed in 

lead, and secretly, amongst other things, conveyed to 



NOTES. £05 

Newcastle; thence it was carried to London, and by 
the general presented to Queen Catharine at Rich- 
mond, who, with the gauntlet of King James, sent the 
news of the victory unto King Henry, lying at the 
siege before the town of Terwin. From Richmond, 
the body of the King was brought unto the adjoining 
monastery of Sheen. 

" I am much obliged to Captain Grose for a draught 
of the sword and dagger of King James, taken from 
the originals, now in the possession of the Corporation 
of Heralds, to whom they were given by the Earl of 
Surrey. 

" The length of the sword, with the handle, is 
three feet five inches ; the handle is eight .nches long ; 
the dagger, with the hilt, is one foot eight inches long; 
the hilt is nearly as long as that of the sword ; their 
breadth is in the same proportion, as it is represented 
in the Plate. There appears to have been an inscrip- 
tion in the middle channel of the sword, which now is 
not legi ble."— L a mbe. 

The following anecdote respecting the body of the 
unfortunate King, is preserved in Stow's Survey of 
London, Mo, p. 539 >" 



205 NOTES. 

" After the battle, the bodie of the same King 
being found, was closed in lead, and conveyed from 
thence to London, and to the monasterie of Sheyne, 
in Surry, where it remained for a time, in what order 
I am not certaine ; but, since the dissolution of that 
house, in the reygne of Edward the Sixt, Henry Gray, 
Duke of Suffolke, being lodged, and keeping house 
there, I have been shewed the same bodie so lapped in 
lead, close to the head and bodie, throwne into a waste 
room amongst the old timber, lead, and other rubble. 
Since the which time, workmen there, for their foolish 
pleasure, hewed off his head ; and Lancelot Young, 
master glazier to Queen Elizabeth, feelinge a sweet sa- 
vour to come from thence, and seeing this same dried 
from all moisture, and yet the form remaining, with 
the haire of the head and beard red, brought it to Lon- 
don, to his house in Wood-street, where, for a time, he 
kept it for its sweetness, but in the end caused the sex- 
ton of that church [St Michael's, Wood-street] to bury 
it amongst other bones taken out of their charnell." 

Notwithstanding the earnest remonstrances of Leo 
X., requesting Henry VIII. to allow the body of James 
to be buried with royal honours, in the cathedral of St 
Paul's, by the bishop of London ; the irritated tyrant 



NOTES. SOT 

remained inflexible; and the subsequent disgrace of the 
royal remains, which are related in the above extract 
from Stow, are probably too true. The curious let- 
ter of Leo X. will be found in the Appendix. 

" On Tuesday, September 9, 1513, 5 Henry VIII., 
in Crookham West-field, belonging to John Askew of 
Palinsburn, Esq. this battle was ended ; in memory 
whereof, a stone, which now stands there, was erect- 
ed."— Lam be. 

" About two miles south of Cornhill, in Brankstoii 
Westfield, is a large upright pillar of whinstone, six feet 
seven inches high, in memory of Floddon-Field/'— 
Wallis' History of Northumberland. 

" In the time of the battle, the thieves of Tynedale 
and Tiviotdale were not idle. They rifled the English 
tents, and took away many horses, and other things." 
—Ibid. 

" King James was killed in the twenty-fifth year of 
his reign, and the thirty-ninth of his age. He was of 
a majestic countenance, of a middle size, and a strong 
body. By the use of exercise, a slender diet, and 
much watching, he could easily bear the extremities 



208 NOTES. 

of weather, fatigue, and scarcity. He excelled in fen- 
cing, shooting, and riding. He delighted in fine horses, 
the breed of which he endeavoured to propagate in his 
own country, as it appears from several letters still ex- 
tant, which he wrote to the kings of Spain and Portu- 
gal, entreating them, that they would suffer his servants 
to buy such horses and mares as their respective domi- 
nions afforded. In return, he made them presents of 
hunting dogs, and of the famous little ambling horses, 
called galloways, bred in the mountains and isles of 
Scotland. About the year 1508, the Lord Campvere 
sent him many large Flanders horses ; and also Henry 
VII. several fine horses and rich furniture. He was of 
a quick wit, which, by the negligence of those times, 
was uncultivated with letters. He had great skill in 
the art of curing wounds, which was then common to 
the Scotch nobles, always in arms.* He was of a high 
spirit, of easy access, courteous, and mild ; just in his 
juridical decisions, merciful in his punishments, which 



* Pitscottie informs us, that " this noble King James IV. 
was well learned in art of medicine, and also a cunning chirur- 
geoner, that none in his realm, that used that craft, but would 
take his counsel in all their proceedings." 



NOTES. 209 

he inflicted upon offenders always unwillingly. He was 
poor, from his profusion in sumptuous buildings, pub- 
lic shows, entertainments, and gifts. 

" As long as he lived, he wore an iron chain girdle, 
to which he every year added one link, in testimony 
of his sorrow for his having appeared at the head of the 
rebels, who killed his father James III., A. 1488, con- 
trary to his express orders. Bishop Lesly concludes 
the life written by him of James, with telling us, that 
the Scotch nation lost in him a king, most warlike, 
just, and holy. Certain it is, that he was so dear to 
his subjects, that his death was more lamented than 
that of any of his predecessors ever was. The following 
epitaph was made upon him : — 

" Fama orbem replet, mortem sors occulit ; at tu 
Desine scrutari quod tegit ossa solum. 

Si mihi dent animo non i?npar,Jata, sepulcrum, 
Augusta est tumulo terra Britanna meo" 

Lambe. 

With the following extract, from Lord Hales's Re- 
marks on the History of Scotland, I shall conclude these 
historical notes ; as it in some measure points out the 
o 



210 NOTES. 

effects which the intelligence of James's death produ- 
ced in his capital : — 

" The battle of Floudden was fought on the 9th 
September, 1513. The report of the disaster of that 
day appears to have reached Edinburgh on the 10th. 
The report gave rise to a proclamation by the magis- 
trates of Edinburgh. It is curious and interesting, and 
runs thus : — 

' The x. day of September, we do you to witt, for 
sa mekill as, thair is ane greit rumber now laitlie rysin 
within this toun, tueching our Soverane Lord and his 
army, of the quilk we understand thair is cumin na ve- 
ritie as yet, quhairfore we charge straitlie, and com- 
mandis, in our Soverane Lord the Kingis name, and 
the Presidents for the Provest and Baillies * within this 
burch, that all maner of personis, nyhbours, within the 
samen, have reddy their fensabill geir and wapponis for 
weir, and compeir thairwith to the said Presidents, at 



* On the 19th of August, 1513, the Provost, Baillies, and 
community, in respect that they were to pass to the army, 
" chose, and left behind thame, George of Touris, President, 
for the Provost, and [four other persons,] for the Baillies, till 
have fulljurisdictioun in their absence." — Register of the City 
of Edinburgh, 

IS 



NOTES. 211 

jowing of the comoun bell, for the keeping and defens 
of the toun against thame that wald invade the samyn. 
' And also chairgis, that all women, and specialie 
vagabounds, that thai pass to thair labours, and be not 
sene upoun the gait, clamourand and cryand, under 
the pane of banesing of thair persons but favors ; and 
that the other women of gude, pass to the kirk and pray, 
quhane time requires, for our Soverane Lord and his 
army, and nyebouris being thairat, and hald thame at 
their privie labors off the gaitt within thair houses, as 
affeirs/ 

" The magistrates of Edinburgh, when they issued 
this proclamation, must have been convinced, that all 
was lost, and yet their orders are accurate and firm, 
without that pomp of words, which by studying to con- 
ceal fear betrays it. May this compilation contribute 
to preserve the memory of George of Towris and his 
gallant associates."- "Remarks on the History of Scot- 
land, by Sir David Dalrymple, [Lord Hales.] 
Edinburgh, 1773. 

In the Appendix will be found the narrations of the 
battle, extracted from two of the most authentic Chro- 
nicles of the two nations, Halle, and Lindesay of Pit- 
scottie. 



VARIOUS READINGS 



C 215 3 



VARIOUS READINGS. 

L. Lambe*s edition.-— B. Benson's. — 1664, the edition 
of that year. 



FIT FIRST. 



V. 5 A fearful field in verse I'll frame, 

If you'll be pleased to understand, 
O Flodden-mount, thy wonderous name 

Doth sore affright my trembling hand. L. B, 
9 Thou god of War! L. B. 
13 This stanza is not found in Lambe's edition. 
26 Great Howard's deeds, who did excell, 
Though lovely print make no report, 
Fame would not fail the same to tell. L. B. 



216 VARIOUS READINGS. 

29 Or thou, O Stanley, wondrous man ! 

Thou son of Mars, who can proclaim 
Thy matchless deeds ? Tell me, who can 

Paint thy just praise on wings of fame ? L. B. 
44 A fine and lucky end. L, B. 
49 He knew that English kings they fought, 

And by what might they were controuled, 
Much more he in their absence thought 
What damage had been done of old. L. 
In Benson's edition, this stanza is misplaced after 
v. 72. 

55 He left his realm unto his queen 

To be ruled as there was need. L. B. 
93 And thou, quoth he, Almighty Lord, 

Let him a death most shameful die. L. 
98 Such sad untimely fate. L. B. 
102 In musters fair and brave elect. L. B. 

111 Speech. L.— And tell him with what speed he 

could. B. 

112 If Scots meant any business. 1664. 
115 He knew of it. L. B. 

118 Nimbly was flown. L. B» 
120 All abroad. L. B, 



VARIOUS READINGS. 2iT 

124 To compliance. B. — To complaisance. L. 
142 That England, when this age is past. 
As to our elders they have done, 
Should homage do to us at last. L. B. 
149 No doubt you need. L. 
160 And - r - rate do you, &c. 1664. A word is 

here erased. 
l66 Chosen the French king. L. B. 
168 Spring. L. B. 
173 You know what hurt. L. B. 
185 For England's king. L. B. 
197 Dallamount. L. 1664. 
1^8 Benson has printed " Bodward " as a proper 

name. 

204 With one that is called Herbert. L.— The Lord 

Herbert. B. 

205 There is an earl, of ancient race, 

Plumed up in proud and rich array, 
His banner casts a glittering grace, 

A half-moon in a golden ray. L. B. 
214 Borely-tike. 1664. 
222 And Drury, great lords all three. L. Decroy 

in Mr Askew's MS.—Decroyhight. B. 



213 VARIOUS READINGS. 

234 Plump. L. — Clump. B. Did not the alliteration 
and the concurrence of the old copies point out 
the greater claims of the word " Lump/' the 
term " plump of spears" would certainly have 
been more poetical. See a note in Mr Scott's 
Marmion, p. 25. 

237 Loudon. B. — London. 1664; also the MS. in 
Mr A skew's possession. 

251 Sparde. 1664— 'p^ared. L. 

260 Complying. L. B. 

261 To Lyon, king at arms, L. B. 

272 When in his kingdom I advance. L. 
276 His land within a little space. 1664. 
277" Then Lyon made him reverence, 

And with his coat of arms him deckt, 
He haled up sail, and towards France, 
He did his way with speed direct. L. 



FIT SECOND. 
282 Swiftest posts did nimbly bear. L, B. 



VARIOUS READINGS. 219 

302 Convert, 

Their shares defensive armour made, 
To save the head, and shield the heart. L. 
309 The King of Scots was much inflamed 
With joy to see himself obeyed, 
And did command his chamberlain, 
In England all this gang to lead. L. 

314 March warden over E^t. also. L.— He o'er the 

East also. 6. 

315 Breast. L. 

323 The coarser loons got geldings good. L. B. 
325 For the schoolmaster's interpolation at this place, 

see the Preface. 
336 With horse and foot. L. 
339 Coasts. L. 1664. 
344 Out of their way. L. 
356 So sore. 166*4. — With arrows shot: most sore 

they flew. L. 
36l Lord Hume, sore vexed at this mischance. B. 

364 But happy in his horse so light. L. B. 

365 Straightway he flew, when he perceived 

His banner-bearer down was beat : 
The English then their spoil received, 
Besides a store of geldings great. 



220 VARIOUS READINGS. 

Six hundred Scots lay slain that day, 
And near that number prisoners ta'en, 

But of the English brave and gay, 
There were no more than sixty slain. 

In August month this broil befell, 

In which the Scots lost so much blood, 
That mournful, when the tale they tell, 
They call it now the Devil's road. L. 
3S7 And then, as ordered what was writ, 

In open words he did discharge. L. 
391 The Scottish kings cracks, who shewed each o»e, 

And how his Majesty he misused. 1664. 
Sp5 Or else with blood lie would pave his ways. L. 
398 Bot can say. 1664. — Hot. B. — He did say. L. 
402 Brave. B. — Sires, never brave. L. 
408 His blade was ever fierce and keen. L. 
413 Who'll shed for me their purple gore. L. B. 
415 He shall meet with many sharp showers 

Before he pass the flood of Trent. 1664. 
426 Nor union make. L..B. 

430 Banishing all fears. L.- -Quite devoid of fear. B. 
432 In France would prosecu te his wars. L. — War. B. 



VARIOUS READINGS. 221 

435 Who hasted to his native land 

To see how with his king it fared. L. B. 
448 And all was done that he did list. L. 
450 Meaning. 1664. 
454 The Earl of Surrey's sage, L. 

456 List and wage. B. — Raise for to engage* X. 

457 Did understand. L.— Soon as the Earl this un- 

derstood. B. 
467 Who did accordingly consent. L„ 
469 Curtals. B. — Portals. L. 
471 By steed and cart. L. 
473 That done, the Earl dispatches wrote. L< 

The noble Earl then letters wrote. B. 
478 Train. L. 

480 Until the King returned again. L. 
484 I will recite, B, — I mean to write. L. 
489 And thus array'd in armour bright, 
They met in Edinburgh town ; 
There was many a lord and many a knighty 
And baron brave of high renown. L. 



VARIOUS READINGS. 



FIT THIRD. 

56*4 Religious precepts sore did wound. L. 
After v. 568, is the following stanza in Lambe ; 
forming the conclusion of the Second Fit, and the First 
part : — 

But how the English did prepare 

To fight the Scots, with hand and heart, 
Their valour also will appear, 
If you will read the second part. 
569 It was the King's express command 

To waste with cruel sword and flame; 
A field of blood he made the land, 
Till he to Norham-castle came. L. 
579 But for a while he lashed out. L. 
593 I say, quoth he, King James, my liege, 
Your brave assaults are all in vain, 
Long may you hold a tedious siege, 
Yet all this while can get no gain. L* 
6l7 The Scots straightway did pour in. L* 



VARIOUS READINGS. 223 

626 And of what race. B. 

And in what town ? 

A Scotsman, sir, he did reply : 
This answer gave the treacherous loon, L. MS. 

644 The false loon gains. B. 

645 What he did say, forthwith was wrought, 

The traitor had his just desert, 
Although the King himself was naught, 

And proved deceitful in the heart. L. 
64-9 Flying posts. L. 
662 Himself appearing in renown. L. 

664 Until he came to Durham town. L. 

665 There he devoutly did hear prayers, 

And worshipped God, his Maker dear, 
Who banished from him cares and fears, 
St Cuthbert's banner he did bear. L. 
680 Chopping guns. B. 
639 Too. L. 
691 To Hornby, from whence he withdrew. L. 

701 This stanza is not to be found in Lambe's edition. 

702 Harnessed on horse. B. 

707 What tears came from religious men. L. 
713 All the editions read beds. The emendation was 
suggested to me by Mr Scott. 



2M VARIOUS READINGS. 

752 With wrapping wings. L. 

753 There did the army much increase, 

Although there were the most extreams j 
For rain down rattling never did cease, 

Till bubbling brooks burst mighty streams. L* 

756 That every brook its banks o'erflet. B. 

757 Breast. 1664. There is no doubt that we should 

read blast. 
Conflicting winds, blustering abreast, 

Down rushing, day and night confound. B. 
Such blustering winds besides there were, 
That day and night the air did sound. L. 
76*4 For his assistance to arrive. L. 
767 As to conduct him over the deep, 
And his desires just bestow. L. 
815 Wherefore to stay was their counsel. 166*4. L. 
827 Not doubting but, without all fear. L. 

832 With honourable wounds. L.— Pierced through 

the breast. B. 

833 Would God, that Edward, brother dear, 

Were here alive this present day ; 
No armed foes could make him fear, 
Nor in a camp, like coward, stay. L. 
839 What ample fame, what great renown. 1664-. 



VARIOUS READINGS. 2*5 

844 Rhodian. B.— Zodian. 1664. 

853 Your father's fame would soon be lost, 

And all his worthy acts no more, 
Your honour, like a flitting ghost, 

Nor yet your sons could ever restore. L. B, 
860 Suckling babes. B. L. 



FIT FOURTH. 

871 And yet I fear. 1664. — But yet. L. 
873 Great counsel therefore must be imbraced, 
With good deliberation, 
Our cards we had both need to count and cast; 
Since itlieth on such a weight and fashion. 1664. 
880 Ofbrest. l664.— Of breast. L. 
890 Beat. L. 

895 And underneath this verse. B. 
908 W'had need our counsel well to lay. B. 
912 Dickan. 1 664.— Dick and. L's MS. 
919 Brave soldier. B. 

938 Where fierce on the Earl he fixed his eyen. 1664. 
And fierce. L. 

p 



226 VARIOUS READINGS. 

p87 Since records of the same still speak. L, 
So loudly fame doth record reeke. B. 
1016 And men unborn our fame resound. B. 
1030 As firm by faith is fixed it shall. L. 
1047 Who dared into our borders burst. L. 
1068 All the Earl's captives did remain. L. 



FIT FIFTH. 

1115 Lord Ogle chief of them he led. B. 
1117 Next to Lord Admiral in field. B. 
1119 Him had a shepherd's garb concealed. B. 
1123 By friends in this wise he had failed. l664>. 

He by a friend was thus concealed. L. 
1141 Were fit the strongest bows to bend. L. 

Were browned with sounding bows upbend. B. 
1159 With all his power. 1664. L. 

After 1164, in Lambe's edition, the ensuing stanza 
finishes the Fourth Fit, and the Second Part : 
The third part it will more unfold 

The glorious train of heroes bright, 
Such as may please the sage and old, 
And yield to children sweet delight. 



VARIOUS READINGS. S2T 

1173 Haworth. 1664. 

1 1-80 With might and main. B. — And for his sake ne- 
ver think it pain. L. 

1531 Bruerton. L. 

1289 Sir Ninian Markanville. L. as altered from his 
MS. 

1291 Normanville, L. but in his MS. Mounville. 

1296 Chostance, B.— Clapham. L. 

1321 Many strong houses. B. — Horses. L. 

1323 A baron fair, by. L. 

1328 From whom true valour fairly springs. L. 

1337 Lively. B. 

1363 Hearty and light. L. 



FIT SIXTH. 

1387 And to him out of hand to send, 

Of Scottish nobles captives four. B. 
1482 Should with them remain. L. 
1484 Their herald, Hay called by name. B. 

In Benson's edition the herald is called Hay. 
1492 Terrify. L. 
1494 Eloquent. L.— Loquentine. B. 



228 VARIOUS READINGS. 

1496 They went. L. 

1515 He in a sound. B. 1664. 

1527' And burning Chaffing's fiery chair. B. 1664. 

1530 Who soon on horseback did surround. L. 

1534 Capage. 1664. B. 



FIT SEVENTH. 

1635 Came on a champion then indeed, 

With sword in hand, in armour bright. L. 
1637 Velvet vizard. 1664. B. 

At first his face his helmet hid. L. This emen- 
dation does not require any comment. 
l647 And kneeling, gracefully did bow. L. 
1653 In little time he silence brake, 

My lord, quoth he, afford some grace ; 
Pardon my life for pity's sake, 

For now you are in King Henry's place. L. 
168 2 A person brave. L. 
1722 Of life. 1664. L. 
1771 His gando. L. 

After 1776, the following stanza concludes the Sixth 
Fit, and the Third Part, in Lambe's edition : 



VARIOUS READINGS. 

Read the fourth part, it makes an end 
Of Heron's story, and the fight. 

Let young and old to this attend, 
'Twill give instruction with delight. 
1777 Then forth before brave Heron flew, &c. L. 
1780 Waller's Haw. L's MS. B. 1664. 
1790 For battle bold. 166*4. — Stood. L. 
1792 Barrin wood. 1664. 
1797 Toynsil. l664. B. L's MS. 
1800 Milford. 1664. B. L's MS. 
1841 Like souls most fierce. L. 
1849 Agreed. L. 
1862 On the Surrey side. L. 
I869 Then, a gainful Greek. L. 
1895 The light did blind. L. 



FIT EIGHTH., 

1938 Caps. B.— In furious rage. L. 
1977 Stretched. L. 

1999 Nor ever let the world suppose. L. 
2027 Slaughters lashed. 1664. B.— Slaughter lash- 
ed. L. Emendation of the present editor. 



S30 VARIOUS READINGS, 

2044 A stanza is here found in Lambe's edition, and 
his MS., which, with the reasons lor not 
adopting it into the text, will be found in the 
Preface. 
2114 And bU ws with cutting axes dealt, 

Then towering helmets through were cut, 
That some their wounds scarce ever felt. L. 

2128 A valiant Englishman him slew. L. 

2129 Thus Herbert through his haughty heart. L. 



FIT NINTH. 

2184 A narrow dint of dangerous bode. L. 

2185 This important stanza is not found in Lambe's 

edition. 
2195 My Lancashire brave lads, quoth he, 

Down with the Scots this day we must. B. 
2215 Their soldiers then did fly with speed, 

With souls of horror and distress. L. 
2233 This stanza is not found in Lambe's edition. 
2237 The two stanzas, inclosed in brackets, occur only 

in Lambe's edition. 
2273 Not in Lambe's edition. 



VARIOUS READINGS. 231 

2278 Naked was left as it was found. L. 
2285 Great store of guns were likewise taken, 
Amongst the rest seven culverines ; 
Seven Sisters called, which do remain 
To be talked of to latest times. L. 
2288 Another stanza, probably engrafted here by the 
Yorkshire schoolmaster, will be found in the 
Pieface. 
2290 This stanza is wanting in Lambe's copy. 
2293 But Bryan Tunstall, that brave knight, 
A never-dying honour gains, 
And will, as long as day and night, 
Or as this little book remains. 

Thus have you heard of Flodden-fight, 
Worthy of each to be commended ; 

Because that then old England's right 
Was bravely by her sons defended. L. 



GLOSSARY. 



£ 235 ] 



GLOSSARY. 



Aptly, Openly. 

Beagle-rods, should be Bugle-rods, viz. the crosiers or 
pastoral staves of bishops, the heads of which are 
crooked like bugle, or hunting horns.— Lambe. 
More probably from bowgill, or bugle, the horn of 
the buffalo; or the animal itself. 

Bent, 1851,* 2204, subsi. A field. See Mr Chal- 
mers's Glossary to Lyndsay's Works. 



* The numbers refer to the verses in which the explained 
terms occur. 



236 GLOSSARY. 

Bent, 444, 927, Ready ; perhaps a corruption of 
bound, or boun. 

Bet, SpO. Bettered, participle. 

Bless, 1412, To wound, Fr, 

Blin, 970, Cease. " No her folies never blin." — Le- 
gend of Sir Owain, (Auch. MS.) 

Bodword, 198, Message. Boda-vvord, Saxon, Boten- 
wort, still used in some provinces of Germany. So 
in the unpublished romance of Sir Amadas : 

" Then commanded Sir Amadas anon, 
A mon to loke or thei gwon 

And boyd-worde bryng hym ryght." — V. 68. 

Bod is used for a messenger, in Artour and Mer- 
lin : 

" A bod cam fram the Sarrazin."- V. 2025. 

Bombard, 575> Cannon. 

Boun, 494, 1746, Ready. 

Brast, A provincial corruption of burst. 

Bruit, 120, Report, Rumour. I am not certain whe- 
ther Brout, or Brut, in the following passages, from 
Artour and Merlin, signifies history or booh, or 
whether the Romancier refers to the Brut of Maistre 



GLOSSARY. 237 

Wace, as an authority, but the latter supposition is 
by far the most probable : 

" So ich in the brout y finde."— V. 2720. 
" So ous seyt the brout forsoth."— V. 3476. 
iC For in the brut ich it lerne." — V. 3665. 
" The brut thereof is mi waraunt."— V. 5218. 

Burly-tike, 214, Burly, large, strong; Tike, a dog, a 
cur. Bannatyne Poems. Pink. Anc. Poems. 
Jamieson's Ballads. 

Busked, 488, Dressed, equipped ; so in Sir Amadas : 

" Sir Amadas, as y yow say, 
Buskyd hym upon a day." — V. 50. 

Chaffing, 1527. The edition of lfJ64 reads here : — 
" And burn in Chaffings fiery chair ;" and Benson's 
" And burning Chaffings/' &e. Both these readings 
were unintelligible to the Editor. He was therefore 
obliged to adopt the reading of Lambe, and of the 
MS. made use of by him, though even thus the 
sense is not clear. 

Clapping, rjSO, Noisy ; used by Chaucer for noise, or 
noisy talking. Cant. Tales, Tyrwhitt's Edition, 
verse 88/5. 

Clept, Called, named. 



2S8 GLOSSARY. 

Coil, 352, Bustle, stir. See Reed's Shakesp, VI. 169, 
Could, 301, et passim. Could take, for took ; a north- 
ern idiom. — Lam be. 

Deemed, 1705, Judged. In Anglo Saxon, Deman, 
judicare. Douglas says, in one of his prologues : 

" Deme as ye list, hat can not demyng weil." 

Dight, Dress, prepare, to put. In the former sense in 
Sir Degare, (Auch. MS.) 

" Amorewe what it was dai light 

Sche was vppe and redi dight." — V. 838. 

In the latter sense at v. 1026. Also in Sir Tristrem : 

" To deth he him dight." 

Dint, A blow, a stroke. Marked by Lambe as a north- 
ern idiom. 

To disease, 47, Disturb. See Reed's Shakesp. 1803, 
XIII. 79- 

To dress, 4-58, To set about, prepare. Fr. dresser. 

To drive forth, 1847, To pass on. 

Earl is generally used as a word of two syllables in the 
edition of 1664. 



GLOSSARY. 239 

Earn, 1119. 

Far, 1591, Farther. 

Fealed, 1899, Defiled. 

Fine, 44, End, Fr. 

Flit, 6*81, Remove; a common idiom in the north of 

England. 
Fore-cast, 381, To contrive before-hand. Caste is 

used as a subst. for Contrivance, trick, &c. in Le 

Bone Florence of Rome : 

" For thus then is my caste."' — V. 1406. 
" And all his false caste."— V. 2051. 

Fore-past, 645, Passed by. 

Gate, 1715, Way ; used still in Yorkshire. 

Gisarings, 292, Halberts ; derived from the French 
guisarme, a kind of offensive long-handed and long- 
headed weapon ; or as the Spanish visarma, a staff 
that had within it two long pikes, which, with a 
shoot, or thrust forward, came forth. An ancient 

- statute of William King of Scotland, " De Venienti- 
bus adGuerram" ch. 23., saith, ' Et qui minus habet 



no GLOSSARY. 

quam quadraginta solidos terrx, habeat gysarum quod 
dicitur hand-bill, arcum et sagittam.' And a statute 
of Edward I. : — " Et que miens a de quarante sols 
de terre soit jure a f auctions, gisarmes, fyc, 

" Every koight 
Twa javelins, spears, or than g warm-staves." 

Gav. Douglas, 

Ducange, in his Glossary, renders this word by se- 

curis, and derives it from the gesum of the Gauls.— 

Lambe. 
Gills, l6'23, Narrow vallies ; a northern idiom. — 

Lambe. 
Greek, 1809, proverbial; " She's a merry Greek" — 

Troil. and Cres. 
Groom, A lad, a fellow, a servant. 
Guerdon, Reward. 

Habergeon, Coat of mail, Fr. 

Harness-horse, 702, Horses defended by harness. 

Harried, 32 J, Plundered, ravaged, destroyed : 

" For his love that harowed hell." 

Squr of lowe Degre* 

" If this be all, quoth he, [King James I. of Eng- 



GLOSSARY. 241 

land] that they have to say, I shall make them 
conform themselves, or I wil harry them out of this 
land, or else do worse/' The summe and substance 
of the conference of his Majestie with the Lordes 
Bishoppes, and others of his clergie at Hampton 
Court, Janu. 14, 1603. Contracted by William 
Barlow, London, 1604, 4. 

Hent, Caught, seized. 

Hings, 1328, Hangs. 

Hold, 544, Strong place, fortress. 

Hurly-burly, 1197- See Mr Chalmers's Glossary 
to Lyndsay's Works. 

Jet, 521, To flaunt up and down; from jetter, Fr.— 

Sib bald's Chron. 
Imp, 30, Child. 
Joulthead, 188. Explained by Cotgrave's Continuator 

Robert Sherwood, [Load, loll, i632. foi.] Tete de 

bceuf. 

Ken, Know. 
Kme, Cows. 

Lash, 579 ? 



242 GLOSSARY. 

Lave, 2273, The remainder. 
Leasing, 1546, 1552, Lying. 
Lewdly, 579, Ignorantly, foolishly : 

** Thocht I be lewit, my leile hert can not fenze." 

Douglas' JEneis, 

Liver, 1337, 1363, Nimble, active. 

Loquintue, 14-94, Eloquent; a word probably shaped 

thus for the sake of rhyme. 
Lout, 1647, To stoop, to bend the body. 
Love-day, 426, A day appointed amicably to settle 

differences ; so in Pierce' Ploughman : 

" I can holde love-dayes, and here a reves rekenyDge, 
And in cannon or in decretals I cannot read a lyne." 

Mell, 289, 1991» Mallet, mace; so in a curious un- 
published poem, The Hunttyng of the Hare : 

" Then every man had a mall, 
Syche as thei betyn clottys withall." — V. 91. 
u Won hit him on the bale [i. e. belly.] with a mall. 

V. 190. 

Milners, 191, northern idiom for Millers. 

Morrish-pike, 1975, Pikes of the Moors. See nume- 
rous Notes and Examples in Reed's Shakesp. XX. 
p. 424. 



GLOSSARY. 24b 

Pavish, 2180, Buckler, shield. See Ruddiman's 

Gawin Douglas. 
Pent-up t eear, 566, Shut up (concealed) effects. 
Piles, 56l, Pile, or Peel, in the north of England, and 

in Scotland, denotes a small castle or tower. 
Plyed, 260, complied. 

Polled, 1464, Cut off. See Reed's ShaJcesp.XVL 192. 
Prease, 295, Tumult, battle, crowd. 

1947, A verb, formed from this subst. 

Prest, 1429, Prompt, ready. 

Prave,402j682, Depraved, bad. Pravo, depraved, Ital. 

I have not met with this word in any other author. 
Prick, 506", Mark ; perhaps from Prick, perk, a long 

pole or perch, the mark being often fixed to the top 

of such a pole. 
Prickers, 365, Riders ; so in the King and the Barker, 

(Rit. Anc. Popular Poetry, p. 60.) : 

" Apreker abowt, seyd the kynge, in maney a contre." 

Rade, 570, Rode. 

Radly, 1639, Readily, quickly; so in Sir Gowther, a 
MS. romance : 

" Toward Kome he radly ranne." — V. 840. 



9M GLOSSARY. 

Raid, 312, Inroad. 

Rank, As rank as hail, 1956, 2178, probably some 
provincial expression for " As thick as hail/ 7 In 
Venus and Adonis, a similar meaning seems to be 
implied : 

" Rain added to a river that is rank." 

Reek, 987, Reach. 

Rent, 607, 612, Torn, broken. 

Sacred, 564, devoted. 

Sallat, 304, Armour for the head. See Reed's Shaltesp. 
XIII. 362. 

Sam, Together. 

Says, 259, Sayings, speeches. 

Scot-free, 2053, A quibble on Scot, a Scottish man, 
and Scot, a tax or assignment in a borough. 

Seld, 1047, Seldom* 

Shored, 510 ; explained by Lambc, Propped. It how- 
ever generally means, Cut : 

" Then, with a lytyll knyfe he con schare 

A crose on the chylder bare." — Sir Ysumbras, v. 133. 



GLOSSARY. 245 

Skail, 1954, Scatter. (Spill, dissolve. — Bannatynt. 

Poems , by Lord Hailes.) 
Skill, 1468, Reason. See Chaucer's Cant. Tales, 

v. 9028, 9552, Tyrwh. ed. 
Sleight, l695, contrivance. 
Sooth, 463, Truth : 

" Bi God, quath Ogger, that is sothe."—-Sir Otuel, v. 859. 

Sort, 368, A lot, a company. 

Sparred, Shut, barred. 

Speels, 349. 

Stedful, 1809, Stedfast. 

Stee and Street, 471, I suspect we should read, Sted 

(stead, farm,) and Street. 
Stint, 663, 997, Stop, a northern idiom. — Lambe. 
Stour, Battle, fight, tumult, stir ; so in Sir Cleges, an 

unpublished romance : 

" Wold God he were a lyfe, 

I had hym lever than othyr vyfe, 

For he was stvonge in stowre." — V. 501. 

Talbot, in heraldry, a species of hound. 

Tall, 101, 923, Stout, brave. 

Teen, 408, Harm, vexation, grief. As a verb, it is used 



246 GLOSSARY. 

in Chaucer, Christ's Kirk on the Green, &c. ; alscv 
in the MS. Legend of Tundale : 

" Full sore hym tenyd at hymselfe than."— V. 2322. 

Tide, 7&6, Time; still used in the north. — Lambe. 
Trace, 642, In a trice ? 
Train, 1886, Snare, stratagem. 

Wage, 456, To pay wages to. 

Wapped, Wapping, 752, 110. Pinkerton (Anc. Scots 
Poems.) explains Uappit, Warped, turned; Lord 
Hailes, (Bann. Poems.) Suddenly struck down ; but 
neither of these meanings is applicable in the pas- 
sages quoted above. Sibbald explains Towap, whap, 
quhap, To strike, tobeat. In the verses under con- 
sideration, the expression seems to signify, To flut- 
ter, or to beat the wings. 

Weet, 387, 17^5, To know. 

Weild, 1088, govern ; so in Sir Degare : 

" Fforthi mi swerd thou schalt have, 

And whene that be is of elde 

That he mai himself biwelde, &c— V. 109. 

Wend, 1431, To go. 



GLOSSARY. 247 

Wext, 1090, Became, grew. 

Where, 1391, Whereas. 

Wist, 448, Knew. 

Wood, 420, Mad. 

Wot, I7l6, Know; so in Roland and Ferragus: 

" Quoth Verragu, now ich wot 
Your cristen lawe eueri grot, 
Now we wil fight."— P. 784.* 



* Wherever unpublished poems are quoted, the numerical 
references are to the Editor's transcripts. 



APPENDIX. 



£ 251 3 



APPENDIX I. 



The Lamentation of King James the Fourth, King of 
Scots, slayne at Brampton, in the Jiuthe yeare of 
King Henry the Eight, Anno Christi 1513. 

[From the Mirour for Magistrates. At London, in 
Fleetestreete, by Henry Marsh, 1587-] 

As I lay musing myselfe alone, 
In minde not stable, but wauering here and there, 
Morpheus my frend espyed me anone, 
And, as he was wont, whispered in mine eare. 
Shortly convyede I was, I wist not where : 
Mine eyes were closed fast, I could not see. 
I heard a man crying sore, trembling for feare : 
Miserere mei Deus et salua mee, 
7 



252 APPENDIX. 

Miserere mei Deus, oft hee did reporte, 
With sorowfull sighes, as ever man herde. 
For sorowe and pity, I gan nere to resorte : 
His sore exclamations made me afferde. 
Mine eyes opened, I sawe his grim bearde : 
I knew not verily, who it should bee : 
He cryde, as hee had beene stickt with a swerde, 
Miserere mei Dens et salua mee. 

Of Scotland (hee sayde) late I was king, 
With crowne on my head, and scepter in hand ; 
In wealth and honour, I wanted nothing, 
In peaceable maner I ruled my land. 
Full frendly and faithfull my subiects I fand. 
Now am I exiled from life, law, and liberty ; 
King without realme, loe now where I stand ; 
Miserere mei Dens et salua mee. 

Thus for my folly, I feele I doe smart, 
Both law and nature doth me accuse 
Of great unkindnes, that I should take part 
Against my brother, and his liege refuse. 



APPENDIX. 253 

I purposed war, yet I feigned truce ; 
This did I, Frenche King, for the love of thee, 
Inordinate affection so did me abuse : 
Miserere met Deus et salua mee. 

All this, King Lewis, I suffred for thy sake, 
Wo be to the time that ever I thee knewe ; 
For thee am I put in a sorowfull brake, 
Thy wilfull appetite doth mee sore rewe. 
This woride is not stable, it changeth anewe : 
Now am I bond, some time I was free ; 
Exiled from liberty, I am kept in a mewe : 
Miserere met Deus et salua mee. 

Moreover, for thee, and thy real me of France, 

(Contrary to mine othe solemnly made) 

Unto King Henry I made defiaiince ; 

To follow thine appetite was all the grace I hade ; 

In. most cruell wise I did his realme invade; 

I troubled his subiects by land and by sea ; 

My revvarde is no more but the showle and the spade : 

Miserere met Deus et salua mee. 



251 APPENDIX. 

For my wilfull periury thus am I brougnt 
From high degree to the lowest of all. 
Whom should I blame ; I founde that I sought ; 
By mine owne foly I had a great fall : 
Wherefore I feare mee, that now I shall 
Haue payne long lasting, for mine iniquity : 
Lord, full of mercy, yet to thee I call, 
Miserere mei Dens et salua mee. 

Vanquished in fielde I was to the rebuke 
Of mee and all my realme, to our immortal shame; 
There fought agynst mee neyther king, nor duke, 
Prince, ne marquise, ne many lords of name, 
One valiant earle our power ouercame; 
Yet were wee in nomber, to his one, three : 
Lord, whom thou fauourest, winneth the game : 
Miserere mei Deus et salua mee. 

I was th' only author of mine owne woe ; 
But yet I began it by wicked counsell 
Of my lords spirituall, and temporall also : 
Which for their merits in fielde with mee fell. 



APPENDIX. 255 

I was curst (iadeede) the truth for to tell, 
And could not (by falsehoode) eyther thriue or thie ; 
To assist my brother's foe I did not well, 
Miserere mei Deus et salua mee, 

Christe's commaundements, I did all refuse: 
The breach of myne oathe I did not regarde ; 
Therfore I am domed as faythlesse as the Jewes : 
Sore is the sentence, and cruell is the swerde. 
Excepte thy mercy helpe, O Lord, I am marde : 
Save mee ; for whom thou suffredst on a tree, 
To thy mercye I appeale for my sauegarde ; 
Miserere mei Deus et salua mee, 

Herafter (by mee) my successours may beware, 
An ensample take by my wretched ruyne ; 
Lest in lykewyse they bee taken with the snare, 
As I am nowe, and pay the lyke fyne. 
Vanquished wee were by power devyne ; 
For by mannes power it seemed not to be. 
Here now I ly, in an homely shrine, 
Miserere mei Deus et salua mee. 



256 APPENDIX. 

I am a spectacle also, in lyke case, 
To the Frenche king, yf hee list to take heede ; 
I feare that hee cannot, for lacke of grace, 
The king and hee bee not yet agreede : 
Therefore let him looke for a lyke speede 
As wee had, that were of his leage and vnity ; 
I trow hee doth neither God loue nor dreede, 
Miserere mei Deus et salua mee. 

Who ever knew Christian king in such a case 

As I, wretched creature, that cannot haue 

In churche, or church-yard, any manner place 

Emong Christen people to lye in a graue : 

The eai the mee abhorreth, all men mee depraue ; 

My frends forsake mee, and haue no pity; 

The worlde taketh from mee all that he mee gaue: 

Miserere mei Deus et salua mee. 

There is no more now ; I must take my leaue ; 
In this wretched worlde 1 may no longer dwell : 
But one thing there is doth mee sore greaue, 
I noj where to rest, in heayen or in hell, 



APPENDIX. 257 

None else thereof but God only can tell. 
Adieu, this worlde is full of vanity; 
I may no longer be with thee, farewell : 
Miserere met Deus et salua mee. 

Farewell, my queen, sweete lady Margaret. 
Farewell my prince, with whom I vsde to play; 
I wot not where wee shall together meete. 
Farewell my lords, and commons eke, for aye. 
Adieu, ye shall no ransom for mee pay ; 
Yet I beseech you, of your charity, 
To the high Lorde mercifull that yee pray: 
Miserere mei Deus et salua mee. 



King James (quoth one) will bee misliked for his 
Miserere. No, (qd. another) he cryes Peccaui. It 
is to late, (quoth he) there was no man that will like 
or beleeve him. Than (qd. M. H.) [Higgins] he is 
stil one and the same man ; for in life he was neither 
well liked, beleeved, nor trusted. Why, than, (quoth 
one) if hee speake as hee was, let him passe as hee is ; 
and if not, let him bee mended. Mended ? (quoth hee) 
R 



258 APPENDIX. 

Nay, hee is paste mending, hee is t© olde : For it seems 
by the copy, that it was pende aboue fifty years agone, 
or even shortly after the death of the said king ; for I 
found therewith, in an olde hand, the copies of the 
sayd King James letters, sent vnto King Henry at 
Turwin, and the kinges aunsweres and letters sent to 
him againe, with this lamentation ensuing them ; and, 
lastly, the sayd batayle of Floddon Fielde, in such 
verse described, with the order of the same, and the 
names of the noblemen, knights, and gentlemen, which 
served at the same fielde. That would I faine heare 
(quoth one) ; it were pity that such particulars should 
bee lost. They would (quoth another) pleasure not 
only such as write our historyes, but also encourage 
our countreymen well, to the like loyall service of 
their prince, and especially those who should finde 
therein of their parents or auncestours to have bene 
praysed for valure. I pray you, (quoth hee) let vs 
haue them. There they are, (quoth I) but I haue 
altered the verse, which we call Intercalaris, because 
the rest would not haue been well liked ; but of the 
history I haue not changed one word. 



APPENDIX. - 25D 



The Bataile of Brampton, or Floddon Teld,f aught in 
the Yeare of our Redeemer 1513, and in the futh 
Yeare of that victorious Prince, King Henri/ the 
Eygth. 



O rex regum, in thy realme celestiall, 

Glorified with joyes of Gabriel's company, 

King James is dead ; have mercy on vs all, 
For thou haste him prostrate so sodaynly, 
(Which was our noble prince his enemy,) 

That us to withstand hee had no might : 

So thy helpe, O Lord, preservde king Henry's right. 

Into England this prince prowdly did come, 
With fourscore thousand in goodly aray ; 

And the castle of Norham first hee had won, 
Prospering victoriously from day to day ; 
But against him is gone the Earle of Surrey, 

With him manfully for to fight, 

By the help of God, and in his prince's right. 



260 APPENDIX. 

This noble earle full wisely hath wrought, 
And with thirty thousande forwarde is gone ; 

After wised om and policy, wondrously hee sought 
How by the Scottish ordinaunce hee might well come. 
Thereto helped well Bastard Heron, 

On the Scots hee did harme both day and night *. 

So thy helpe, O Lord, preservde our prince's right. 

Our Herald -at- arms to king Jemy did say, — 
My lord of Surrey greetes you well by mee, 

Marveyling greatly of this your array, 

And what you make here in this countrey, 
Peace you have broken and old amity ; 

Wherefore, if yee abide, hee will with you fight, 

By the helpe of God, and in his prince's right. 

Abide ? (he sayde) else it were great dishonoure hye, 
That a king crowned an earle durst not abide : 

Yf Surrey bee so bolde to gieve battayle to mee, 
I shall him tarry on Floddon-hill side. 
Open war then soon was there cryde ; 

And our doughty men were redily dight, 

By the helpe of God, and in their prince's right. 



APPENDIX. £61 

St Cutberd's banner, with the bishop's men bolde, 

In the vauntgard forward fast did hye ; 
That royall relike more precious than golde ; 

And Sir William Bowmer nere stoode it by. 

Adiuua pater, then fast did they cry, 
Pray wee that God will graunt us his might, 
That we may have the powre to save our prince's right. 

The Lord Clifford, and the Lord Latimer also, 
With the Lord Coniers of the north countrey, 

And the Lord Scrope of Upsalle, forwarde did goe, 
With the Lord Howarde, admirall of the see ; 
Of noble hearte and courage good was hee, 

As any went that time agaynst the Scots to fight, 

By the helpe of God, and in theyr prince's right. 

Sir William Percy and Lord Ogle both same, 

And Sir William Gascoyne, their cousin, nere was hee, 

The shrive of Yorkshire, Sir John Euringame ; 
And the nobles of Cheshire in theyr degree, 
The Lord Dacres, and Bastard Heyron, with heart free, 

Which did harme the Scots by day and by night, 

By the helpe of God, and in their prince's right. 



262 APPENDIX. 

Sir Edmond Howard, of lusty franke courage, 
Boldly advanced himselfe eke in that stounde ; 

To the Scots, our enemies, he did great hurte and damage, 
Which were right greedy him and his blood to confound ; 
But their mischievous intent on themselves did rebound ; 

And many a deadly stroke on them there did light, 

So the helpe of God preservde our prince's right. 

The Baron of Killerton, and both Astones were there, 
With Sir John Bouthe, and many knightes moe ; 

Sir John Gower, and Sir Walter Griffin drew nere, 
With Sir Thomas Butler, and Maister Warcoppe also, 
Sir Christopher Warde, and Sir William Midylton both 
two, 

And Sir William Maliver, all did manly fight, 

By the helpe of God, and in theyr prince's right. 

In the mydle warde was the Earle of Surrey, 
That noble man stoute, bolde, and hardy, 
The father of wit wee call him may ; 

The deputy of England most trusty was hee. 
With him Lorde Scrope of Bolton, and Sir George Dar- 
cye, 
And Sir Richard Maliver, with bucks-heads bright, 
By the helpe of God, and in theyr prince's right. 

1 



APPENDIX. 263 

Sir Phillip Tilney was there, ready and prest, 
In the same warde, with all his mighty powre ; 

And Sir John Willowghby as ready as the best, 

With Sir Nicholas Aplyard his helpe, ayde and succour. 
O what joy was it to see that same howre, 

How valiauntly our noblemen with the Scots did fight, 

By the helpe of God, and in theyr prince's right. 

Yong Sir William Gascoyne was there indede, 

With Sir Richard Aldburgh, and Sir Christopher Danbe, 

Sir William Scarkell, and M. Froste's helpe at nede, 
With Sir Ralph Ellarkar and M. Thomas Lee, 
M. Raphe Beeston, and M. Hopton men might see, 

Full well, perdy, they quite themselves in that fight, 

By the helpe of God, and in theyr prince's right. 

Sir Edward Stanley in the reare-warde was hee, 

A noble knight both wise and hardy, 
With many a nobleman of the west-countrey ; 

And the whole powre of the Earle of Darby, 

With a right retinue of the Bishop Elye, 
And of Lankeshiremen men, manly did fight 
By the helpe of God, and in theyr prince's right. 



264 APPENDIX. 

Soone then the gunnes began a new play, 

And the vauntgarde together are gone ; 
But our guns dissevered them out of aray, 

And our bolde bilmen of them slewe many one, 

So that of them scarce retourned none, 
Thus were they punished by the helpe of God AlmighV 
So thy helpe, O Lord, preservde our prince's right ! 

Then they sought embushments, but with small chere, 

And in fowle maner brake their aray; 
Yet some of our men by policy fled were, 

That sawe Kinge Jemy on the hill where he lay. 

They flee, (he sayes) follow fast I you pray ; 
But by that fit of flying wee wan the fight : 
So the helpe of God preservde our prince's right. 

To the Earl of Surrey King Jemy is gone. 

With as comely a company as ever man did see : 

Full boldly theyr big men agaynst us did come 
Down the hill, with great myrth and melody; 
And our men marked them to the Trinity, 

Beseeching them there to shew his might, 

In theyr whole defence, and in theyr prince's right. 



APPENDIX. 265 

The Red Lyon, with his owne father's bloud inclynate, 
Came towards the White Lyon, both meeke and milde, 

And there, by the hand of God he was prostrate, 
By the helpe of th' Eagle with her swadled Chylde ; 
The Buckesheads also the Scots has beguilde, 

And with theyr grey goose-wings doulfully them dight, 

By the helpe of God, and in our prince his right. 

The Moone that day did shine full bright, 
And the Luce-head that day was full bent ; 

The Red Crescent did blinde the Scots' sight, 
And the Ship with her Ancre many Scots spent: 
But, alas ! the good White Griffin was felde on Floddon- 
hill; 

Yet escape hee did, not vanquisht in the fight; 

So thy helpe, O Lord, preservde our prince's right. 

The Trey fell was true, and that did well appeare, 
And boldly the Great Griffin up the hill is gone ; 

The Antlet did lace them with arrowes so nere, 
That buffits the Scots bare, they lacked none ; 
The Cinquefoile also was stedfast as the stone, 

And slewe of the Scots like a worthy wight : 

So thy helpe, O Lord, preservde our prince's right. 



S66 APPENDIX. 

The yong White Lyon was angry in that stounde, 
And with his merry mariners the myrth him made, 

His bells lang lay couched on the grounde, 
Whereof the Scots were ryght sore affrayde ; 
And round about rydeing euermore he sayde : 

Go to my fellowes, all shal be all or night, 

By the helpe of God we saue our prince his right. 

The Cornish Choughe did picke them in the face, 
And the Crab them blinded that they might not see. 

They flewe and fell ; they had no other grace 

With theyr new conqueror : but where now is hee ? 
Carried in a cart, to his rebuke and his posterity, 

And his bullies so bonny are all put to flight : 

So thy helpe, O Lord, preservde our prince his right. 

Of Scots lay slayne fall xii thousande, 
And xi earles, the sooth for to say ; 

xiii lordes, and three bishops, as I understande, 
With two abbots, which have learnde a new play, 
They should haue bene at home for peace to pray, 

Wherefore they were thuswise punished by right : 

So thy helpe, O Lord, preservde our prince his right. 



APPENDIX. 267 

Theyr ordinaunce is lost, and theyr royalty ; 

We have theyr riches, God have the prayesing. 
What ech man would take, hee had his liberty; 

Wherefore laude and honour to such a king, 

From dolefull daunger vs so defending ; 
He has graunted unto us now his might, 
And by his only ayde preservde our prince's right. 

O Rex Regum, Ruler of us all, 

As thou for us sufFeredst thy passion, 
Gieve the Scots grace, by King Jamie's fall, 

For to eschue ever like transgression ; 

Preserve the Red Rose, and be his protection. 
Laud, honour, prayse be unto God Almight, 
Who thus suppreste our foes, preservd our prince's right. 

yee noble lordes, and knightes victorius, 
I you beseech to have me excused, 

Your noble acts no better that I discusse : 
And that my simple saying be not refused, 
Where in any thing I have mee misused, 

1 mee submit to your charitable correction ; 
And in this maner shall be my conclusion. * 

Finis, Qd. Frauncis Dingley. 

* The last stanza seems addressed to the lords and knights who 
fought in the battle ; and thus strengthens the supposition of ho- 



268 APPENDIX. 

nest Mr Higgins, that the original poem was penned soon after the 
death of James IV. Whether Francis Dingley was the original 
maker, or the agent of Higgins for altering the old metre into that 
called Intercalaris, I am not able to determine. 

It is remarkable, that both these poems were omitted in Ni- 
chols's enlarged edition of " The Mirrour of Magistrates" in 
1610. No doubt the new editor dreaded the displeasure of the 
house of Stuart, which lately had ascended the throne. Only the 
second of them, unaccompanied by the interesting dialogue of 
Mr Higgins and his friends, was admitted by Mr Lambe into his 
Appendix. He printed it, with very great inaccuracy, together 
with the two following, from copies transmitted to him from 
Newcastle. The ensuing explications of some of the armorial 
bearings mentioned in the poem are from his edition : 

Red Lion, the King of Scots ; 
White Lion, the Earl of Surrey ; 
Young White Lion, the Lord Admiral; 
The Moon, Percy ; 
The Red Crescent, Lord Ogle ; 
The Luce, Sir William Gascoigne ; 
The Cinquefoil, Sir George Darcy ; 
Eagle and Child, Sir Edward Stanley. 

The poems also occur in MS. in the British Museum, (Harl. 
Lib. 2252.) 



t 269 J 



II. 



SKELTON, LAUREATE, AGAINST THE SCOTTES. 



Agaynst the proude Scottes clatteryng, 
That neuer wyl leaue theyr tratlyng, 
Wan they the felde, and lost their kynge, — 
They may well say — Fye on that winning ! 

Lo, these fond sottes, 
And tratlynge Scottes, 
How they are blinde 
In theyr own minde, 
And will not know 
Theyr ouerthrow 
At Branxton More ! 
They are so stowre, 
So frantike mad, 
They say they had, 



*T0 APPENDIX. 

And wan the felde 
With speare and shield. 
That is as trew 
As blacke is blew, 
And grene is gray* 
Whatever they say, 
Jemmy is dead, 
And closed in leade, 
That was theyr own kynge 
Fye on that winninge ! 

At Floddon-hilles 
Our bowes, our billes 
Slewe all the flowre 
Of theyre honoure. 
Are not these Scottes 
Foles and sottes 
Such boste to make, 
To prate and crake, 
To face, to brace 
All voyd of grace ? 
So proud of heart, 
So ouerthwart, 
So out of frame, 
So voyd of shame, 



APPENDIX. 271 

As it is enrold, 
Written, and told 
"Within this quaire ? 
Who list to repair, 
And therein reed, 
Shall find indeed 
A mad rekening, 
Considering all thing, 
That the Scottes may sing : 
Fye on that winning ! 

WHEN THE SCOTTE LIVED. 

Joly Jemmy, ye scornful Scot, 

Is it come unto your lot 

A solempne sumner for to be ? 

It greeth nought for your degre, 

Our Kyng of England for to fight, 

Youre sovereine lord, our prince of might. 

Ye for to send such a citacion ! 

It shameth al your noughty nacion. 

In comparison, but kynge Koppyng 

Unto our prince, anointed king. 

Ye play Hob Lobbyn of Lowdean ; 

Ye shew right wel what good ye can,— 



272 APPENDIX. 

Ye may be lord of Locrian, — * 

Christ sence with a frying pan ! — 

Of Edingborrowe, and Saincte Ionis Towne ! 

Adieu, syr sumner ; cast off your crowne ! 

WHEN THE SCOT WAS SLAIN. 

Continually I shall remember 

The mery moneth of September, 

With the xi day of the same ; f 

For then began our mirth and game. 

So that now I have devised, 

And in my mind 1 have comprised, 

Of the proude Scot King Jemmy, 

To write some lyttel tragedy ; 

For no manner consideration, 

Of any sorowful lamentacion, 

But for the special consolacion 

Of all our royal English nacion. 

Melpomene ! O muse tragediall, 

Unto your grace, for grace now I call 



* Lothian. 

+ An evident mistake for " ix day of the same," caused 
by the inversion of the two numerals. 



APPENDIX. 3?S 

To guyde my pen, and my pen to enbibe, 

Illumine me, your poet and your scribe, 

That, with mixture of aloes and bitter gall, 

I may compound confectures for a cordiall, 

To angre the Scottes, and Irish kiterings withal, 

That late were discomfect with battaile marcial. 

Thalia, my muse, for you also cal I, 

To touche them with tauntes of your armony, 

A medley to make, of mirth with sadnes, 

The hartes of England to comfort with gladnes* 

And now to begin, I will me adres 

To your rehersyng, the somme of my proces. 

King Jamy, Jemmy, Jockey, my joye 
Summond our king. Why did ye so ? 
To you nothing it did accord 
To summon our kynge, our soveraigne lorde % 
A kynge, a sumner, it was great wonder, 
Know ye not suger and salt asonder ? 
Your summer to saucye, to malapert 
Your harrold in armes, not yet halfe expert, 
Ye thought ye did, yet valiauntlye, 
Not worth the skyppes of a pye, 
Syr Skyr Galyard, ye were so skit, 
Your wyl then ran before your wyt. 
s 



274 APPENDIX. 

Your lege ye layd, and your aly, 
Your franticke fable, not worth a fly, 
Frenche kinge, or one or other 
Regarded you shold your lord your brother. 
Trowed ye Syr Jemy, his nobel grace 
From you Sir Scot wold tourne his face ? 
With gup Syr Scot of Galewey, 
Now is your pride fall to decay. 
Male brid, was your fals entent 
For to offend your president, 
Your soueraigne lord, most reuerente, 
Your lord, your brother, and your regent. 

In him is figured Melchisedecke, 
And ye were disloyall Amalecke. 
He is cure noble Scipione, 
Annoynted kynge, and ye were none. 
Thoughe ye untrulye your father haue slaine. 
His tytle is true in Fraunce to raygne ; 
And ye proude Scot, Dunde, Dunbar, 
Parde ye were his homager, 
And suter to his parliament ; 
For your vntruth nowe are ye shent. 
Ye bare your self somewhat to bolde, 
Therefore ye lost your copyhold : 



APPENDIX. 275 

Ye were bond tenent to his estate, — 
Loste is your game, ye are checke mate. 

Vnto the castell of Norram 
I understand to sone ye came. 
At Branxston-more, and Flodden-hilles, 
Our English bowes, our English by lies 
Agaynst you gave so sharpe a shower, 
That of Scotland ye lost the flower. 
The White Lyon, there rampaunte of moode, 
He raged, and rent out your hart bloude. 
He the White, and you the Red ; 
The white there slewe the red starke ded : 
Thus for your gurdon quyt are ye, 
Thanked be God in Trinite, 
And swete Sainct George, our Ladie's knighte, 
Your eye is oute ; — adewe, good nyghte ! 

Ye were starke mad to make a fray, 

His grace beyng out of the way ; 

But, by the power and might of God, 

For your tayle ye made a rod. 

Ye wanted wit, syr ; at a worde, 

Ye lost your spurs, ye lost your sword. 

Ye mighte have busked you to Huntly bankes, 

Your pryde was peuysh to play such prankes. 

4 



£16 APPENDIX. 

Your pouerte could not attayne 

With our kyng royal war to maintaine. 

Of the kynge of Nauerne ye might take heed, 
Ungraciously howe he dothe speede 
An double dealynge ; so he dyd dreame 
That he is kynge, withoute a reame ; 
And for exaumple, he would none take, 
Experiens hath broughte you in such a brake, 
Your wealthe, your joy, your sport, your play, 
Your braggyng bost, your royal aray, 
Your beard so brym, as bore at baye, 
Your seven systers, that Gun so gay, — 
All have ye lost and caste awaye. 
Thus fortune hath turned you, I dare wel saye, 
Now from a kinge to a clot of clay ; 
Oute of robes ye were shaked, 
And wretchedly ye lay, stark your naked. 
For lacke of grace, hard was your hap, — 
The pope's cures gaue you that clap. 

Of the out yles, the rough-foted Scottes, 
We haue well eased them of the bottes ; 
The rude rancke Scottes, like droncken Dranes, * 
At Englysh bowes have fetched theyr banes ; 

* Probably " droncken Danes." The renown of the Danes 
for their powers of toping was quite proverbial, and vied with 



APPENPIX. 277 

It is not fitting, in tower or towne, 
A sumner to were a kynges crowne. 
Fortune on you therefore dyd frowne, — 
Ye were to hye, ye are cast downe. 
Syr sumner now where is your crowne ? 



that of the Germans. Indeed, the agreeable alliteration of 
" drunken Danes'" was too attractive for the ancient poets, and 
made them rather neglect the quality of the topers of another 
nation, than lose such an- harmonious combination of words. 
The fame of the Germans may, among other instances, be sup- 
ported by two passages in Italian authors : 

" Com' un Tedesco ch' abbia ben bevuto." 

Orlando Innamorato, C. LII. St. 69. 

" Bacco chiamo i Tedeschi a que U' impresa, 
" E ando fino in Germania ad invitalli. 
" Essi quand 'ebber la sua voglia intesa, 
" In un momento armar' fanti e cavalli, 
" Benedicendo Ottobre, e san Martino, 
" E sperando notar tutti nel vino." 

La Secchia Rapita di Tassoni, C II. St. 65. 

King James I. (of England) dates one of his letters " from 
the Castel of Croneburg, quhaire we are drinking and dryving 
our in the auld maner." It would be unfair to suppose, that 
the British Solomon had any share in importing the fondness for 
toping from Denmark into his own realm. 



278 APPENDIX. 

Cast of your crowne, cast up your crowne, 
Syr sumner now ye haue lost your crowne. 

Quod Skelton, Laureate, Oratoure to the Kynges 
most royal estate. 

Scotica redact a informant prouincie 
Regis parebit nutibus anglie : 
Alio quin (per desertum sin) super cherubim^ 
Cherubin, seraphim, seraphin que ergo, &c. 



Unto diuers People that remord this ryminge againste 
the Scot Jemmy. 

I am now constrayned, 
With wordes nothynge fayned, 
This inuectiue to make 
For some people sake, 
That lyst for to iangell, 
And waywardly wrangell 



APPENDIX. 270 

Agaynste this my makynge, 
Their males thereat shakynge, 
At it reprehending, 
And venemously stinging, 
Rebukynge and remordyng, 
And nothynge accordynge. 

Cause they haue none other, 
But for that he was hys brother ; 
Brother vnnatural 
Unto our kyng royal, 
Againste whome he did fighte, 
Faslye agaynst all ryghte, 
Lyke that vntrue rebell, 
False layne agaynste Abell. 

But who so there at pyketh mood, 
The tokens are not good, 
To be true Englysh blood; 
For if they vnderstood 
His traytourly dispight, 
He was a recrayed knighte, 
A subtyll sysmatyke, 
Ryghte neare an herytyke ; 
Of grace out of the state, 
And died excommunicate. 



280 APPENDIX. 

^ And for he was a kynge, 
The more shameful rekenynge 
Of hym shoulde men reporte 
In earnest and in sporte. 
He scantlye loueth oure kynge 
That grudgeth at this thinge; 
That caste suche ouerthwartes 
Percase have hollowe hartes. 
Si veritatem dico, quare no creditis mihi, * 



* Two Latin poems, the one entitled, Chorus de Dys, con- 
tra Scottes, cum omni processionali festiuitate solempni sauit hoc 
Epitoma XXII. die Septembris, Sfc. ; and the other, Chorus de 
Dis, fyc , super triumphali victoria contra Gallos, 6fc. cantauit 
solemniter hoc Flogium in profesto diui Johannis ad de colati- 
onem, succeed to the above production of Skelton, which is 
chiefly remarkable for its extreme scurrility, and as evincing 
the extreme hatred which existed at that time between the 
Scots and hnglish. The above text is from the old edition of 
Skelton's Works, entitled, " Heare after foloweth certain 
Bokes, compiled by Master Skelton, Poet Laureat, whose 
names here after appere. Speake Parrot. The Death of the 
nable Prince, King Edward the Fourth. A Treatise of the 
Scottes. Ware the Hawke. The Tunning of Elynoure Rum- 
myng. Imprinted at London by Jhon Decy." 1583. 12. 

The apology, which Skelton found it necessary to add, and 
which is peculiarly interesting, as it seems to indicate the ex- 
istence of a party, not so unfavourable to the Scots as the ge- 
nerality of the English weie, is omitted by Lambe, whose 
copy is besides full of imperfections, and seems to have been 
taken from the edition of 1736. 



£ 281 ] 



III. 



The lamentable Complaint of King James of Scot- 
lande, who was slayne at Scottish Fielde, anno 1513. 
By Ulpian Fulwell. 

The following extract is taken from a book en- 
titled, The Flower of Fame, written by Ulpian Fulwell, 
and dedicated to Sir William Cecil, Baron of Burgh- 
leygh, &c. It is printed in quarto, in the old black 
letter, at London, 1575. He is quoted by Speed, 
Edw. VI. Sect. 6l. Hence Wood, who had never 
seen this book, concludes that Fulwell had printed 
some Other tracts, besides those which he mentions in 
his letter. Oxon. v. 1. No. 266. 

Between the fourth and fifth stanzas, there is, in 
the original, a wooden cut, representing Death, run- 
ning to seize a crown upon the head of a king, 

Lambe. 



582 APPENDIX. 

Mr Lambe, or rather the friend at Newcastle, who 
furnished him with the only curious part of his Ap- 
pendix, quotes several pages of introductory matter 
from Fulwell, which are here omitted, as they con- 
tain merely an abstract of the occasion and conduct 
of the war, and nothing which might justify the inser- 
tion, except the last paragraph, which is here sub- 
joined : 

" But first I have taken upon mee to introduce 
King James unto 'jjee, in forme of the Mirror for 
Magestrates, to vtter his complaynt, and tell his owne 
tale as followeth :•" — 

Among the rest, whom rewful fate hath reft, 

Whose shrouding sheetes hath wrapt their woful 
lyves, 

Why have not I a place among them left, 

Whose fall eche tong with dayly talk reuyues ? 
Such is the wheele that froward fortune dryves, 

To-day a king of puissance and might, 

And in one howre a wofull wretched wight. 

A happie life by happie ende is tride, 

A wretched race by woful ende is known : 



APPENDIX. 283 

Though pleasant wind the ship do rightly guyd, 
At last by rage of stormes tis overthrowne. 
The greatest oke by tempest is fyrst blowne. 
Though fortune seeme a loft to hoyse thy sayle, 
Yet fortune ofte tymes smyles to small auayle. 

I thought my bower buylt on happie soyle, 
Which under propped was with tickle staye : 

Wherefore on sodayne chaunce I tooke the foyle 
In hope for to have had a noble 'raye, 
In search whereof I reapt my fatal daye, 

With shameful death my fame was forcte to bow 

A gwerdon meete for breach of sacred vow. 

A prince his promise ought not to be broke, 

Much more his othe of ryght observed should be : 

But greedy gayne doth ofte the mynde provoke, 
To breake both othe and vowe, as seemes by mee. 
Ambition blearde myne eyes, I coulde not see. 

I find, though man with man his faith forgoe, 

Yet man with God may not do so. 

I was a king, my power was not small, 

I ware the crowne to wield the Scottish land : 



?M APPENDIX. 

I raignde and rewldc, the greater was my fall ; 
The myght of God no kingdome can withstand, 
An Earle wan of mee the upper hande. 
With blodie sworde my lucklesse lyfe to ende, 
By shameful death, without tyme to amende. 

Such was the force of Atrops cruell spight, 
Unlooked for to cut my fatal lyne : 

My wretched carcas then was brought in sight 
Through London .streats, whereat the Scots repine 
The endless shame of this mishap is myne. 

Like butchers ware, on horsebacke was I brought, 

The King of Kinges for me this end hath wrought. 

Let princes all by me example take, 
What daunger 'tis to dally in such cace : 

By periure their faythes for to forsake, 

Least seate of shame shall be their endless place, 
Foule infamie shall their renoune deface : 

Or falsed faith such is deserved hyre, 

And he must falle that will too high aspire. 

Ye noble peeres, whose lyues with myne did end, 
Send forth from graues your griesly ghosts each one, 



APPENDIX. 285 

To wayle the chance that fortune vs did sende. 
Let all the Scots powre out their plaints and mone, 
That we to hedles haste were apt and prone. 
Which rash beginning, voyde of Godly awe, 
Had lyke successe for breache of sacred lawe. 

I thought that Englande had beene far too weake, 
For my strong power, when Henry was away : 

Which made mee light regarde my vow to breake, 
But yet I founde they were left in good stay, 
With force and strength to purchase my decay. 

Thus my aspiring minde had guerdon due, 

Which may a mirror bee for men to vewe ; 

Whereby to shun the breache of sacred vow, 
And not to seeke by lawless means to rayne : 

For right will force usurped rule to bow, 
And reap repulst in steade of noble gaine ; 
Thus truth in tyme doth turne her foe to paine, 

And God himselfe doth shield the rightful cause, 

Then let men learn to lyve within his lawes. 



£ 280 J 



IV. 



Epitaph of Sir Marmaduke Constable, in Flamborough 
Church, 

[From the Gentleman's Magazine for 1753, p. 456.] 

Here lieth Marmaduke Cunstable, of Flaymborght, 
knyght, 
Who made adventor into France for the right of the 
same, 
Passed over with Kyng Edward the fourth, that noble 
knyght, 
And also with noble Kyng Herre, the sevinth oi 
that name. 
He was also at Berwik at the winnyng of the same, 
And by Kyng Edward chosyn Capteyn there iirst of 
any one, 



APPENDIX. 287 

And rewllid and governid there his tym without 
blame, 
But for all that as ye se he lieth under this stone. 

At Brankiston feld, wher the kyng of Scottys was 
slayne, 
He then beyng of the age of thre score and tene, 
With the gode Duke of Northefolke that journey he 
has tayen, 
And coragely avancid hymself among other ther and 
then. 
The kyng being in France with grete nombre of Yng- 
lishmen, 
He nothing hedyng his age there but ieopde hym 
as on, 
With his sonnes, brothen, sarvants, and kynnesmen ; 
But now as ye se he lieth under this stone. 

But now all his tryumphes are passed and set on syde, 
For all worldly joyes they will not long endure, 

They are sonne passed, and away dothe glyde, 

And who that putteth his trust i them, I call him 
most unsure. 



288 APPENDIX. 

For when deth strikith he sparith no creature, 

Nor gevith no warnyg*, but taketh them by one and 
one; 
And now he abydyth Godes mercy, and hath no other 
Sucure* 
For as ye se hym here he lieth vnder this stone. 

Pray you my kynnsmen, lovers, and frendis all, 

To pray to our Lord Jhesu to have mercy of my souill. 

" This epitaph is written on a copperplate, fixed 
into a large stone, which is placed upon a large stone 
coffin, or chest, in which the body was reposited ; and 
beside it is the upper part of a skeleton in stone, the 
ribs project greatly, and the breast is laid open, in the 
inner side of which appears what, by tradition, is held 
to be a toad at the heart, (of which he was supposed 
to die), but it bears little or no resemblance of a toad/' 



* In this Epitaph, I have been obliged to trust to the accu- 
racy of the transcriber for the Gentleman's Magazine, but 
strongly suspect that this should be warnyng ; the n being pro- 
bably marked by a transverse line over the y. 

2 



( 2S9 ) 



Song on the Victory of Floddon Field* 



" The following ballad may possibly be as ancient 
as any thing we have on the subject. It is given from 
* The most pleasant and delectable History of John 
Winchcomb, otherwise called Jack of Newbery* writ- 
ten by Thomas Deloney, who thus speaks of it : ' In 
disgrace of the Scots, and in remembrance of the 
famous atchieved victory, the commons of England 
made this song ; which to this day is not forgotten by 
many/ 

" It will not be contended, however, that the ballad 
here printed exhibits the genuine English of Henry 
the Eighth's time. Honest Thomas, no doubt, like 
greater editors, had too refined a taste, to prefer ac- 
curacy and fidelity to pleasing the eyes, or tickling 
the ears of his reader. 



290 APPENDIX. 

" This author is mentioned by Kempe, {Nine Days 
Wonder, l600. 4to.), as * the great ballade maker, 
T. D., or Thomas Deloney, chronicler of the memor- 
able Lives of the Six Yeomen of the West, Jack of 
Newbery, The Gentle Craft, and such like honest 
men, omitted by Stowe, Holinshed, Grafton, Hall, 
Froissart, and the rest of those well-deserving writers/ 
Wart ow, Hist. Eng. Poet. iii. 430. He had satiri- 
sed Kempe, in what he calls ' abhominable ballets/ 
Warton says, that Jack of Newbury was entered in 
the stationers book to T. Myllington, Mar. 7, 1596 \ 
and The Gentle Craft to Ralph Blore, Oct. 19, 1597. 
Deloney was, in 1596, committed to the Counter, by 
the Lord Mayor, for ridiculing the Queen, and book 
of orders about the dearth of corn, in one of his bal- 
lads." — Ritson's Ancient Songs. 



THE SONG. 

King Jamie hath made a vow, 
Keep it well if he may, 

That he will be at lovely London 
Upon Saint James his day. 



APPENDIX. 291 

Upon Saint James his day at noon 

At fair London will I be ; 
And all the lords in merry Scotland, 

They shall dine there with me. 

Then bespake good Queen Margaret, 

The tears fell from her eye, 
Leave off these wars, most noble king, 

Keep your fidelity. 

The water runs swift, and wonderous deep 

From bottom to the brim ; 
My brother Henry hath men good enough, 

England is hard to win. 

Away (quoth he) with this silly fool, 

In prison fast let her lye ; 
For she is come of the English blood, 

And for these words she shall die. 

That day made many a fatherless child, 

And many a v/idow poor ; 
And many a Scottish gay lady 

Sate weeping* in her bower. 

* Orig. Sweeping, 



292 APPENDIX. 

With that bespake Lord Thomas Howard? 

The queen's chamberlain that day, 
If that you put Queen Margaret to death, 

Scotland shall rue it alway. 

Then in a rage King Jamie did say, 

Away with this foolish mome ; 
He shall be hang'd, and the other burn'd, 

So soon as I come home. 

At Flodden-field the Scots came in, 
Which made our English men fain ; 

At Bramstone-green this battel was seen, 
There was King Jamie slain. 

Then presently the Scots did- fly, 
Their cannons they left behind ; 

Their ensigns gay were won all away,, 
Our souldiers did beat them blind. 

To tell you plain, twelve thousand were slain, 

That to the fight did stand ; 
And many a prisoner took that day, 

The best in all Scotland. 



APPENDIX. 293 

Jack with a fether was lapt all in lether, 

His boastings were all in vain ; 
He had such a chance with new morrice dance, 

He never went home again. 



( 294 ] 



VI. 



The Laird of Muirhead. 



" This ballad is a fragment, from Mr Herd's MS., 
communicated to him by J. Grosset Muirhead, at 
Breadesholm, near Glasgow ; who stated, that he ex- 
tracted it, as relating to his own family, from the 
complete song, in which the names of twenty or thirty 
gentlemen were mentioned,* contained in a large 
collection, belonging to Mr Alexander Monro, mer- 
chant in Lisbon, supposed now to be lost. 

" It appears, from the Appendix to Nesbit's He- 



* The loss of this song is the more to be regretted, as (to 
judge from this fragment) it must have been, in point of poeti- 
cal merit, as much superior to the English metrical history, as 
the .Scottish ballads are in general to those of English growth. 



APPENDIX. 295 

raldry, p. 264., that Muirhead of Lachop and Bullis, 
the person called here the laird of Muirhead, was a 
man of rank ; being rentaller, or perhaps feuar, of 
many crown lands in Galloway ; and was, in truth, 
slain ' in Campo Bello de Northumberland, sub vexillo 
Regis/ »• e. in the field of Floddon." — Minstrelsy of 
the Border, i. p. 283., from whence the ballad is here, 
by permission of the Editor, reprinted. 



Afore the king in order stude 
The stout laird of Muirhead, 

Wi' that sam twa-hand muckle sword 
That Bartram felled stark dead. 

He sware he wadna lose his right 

To fight in ilka field, 
Nor budge him from his liege's sight, 

Till his last gasp should yield. 

Twa hunder mair, of his own name, 
Frae Torwood and the Clyde, 

Sware they would never gang to hame, 
But a' die by his syde. 



296 APPENDIX. 

And wond'rous weil they kept their troth ; 

This sturdy royal band 
Rush'd down the brae, wr* sic a pith, 

That nane could them withstand. 

Mony a bludey blow they delt, 

The like was never seen ; 
And hadna that braw leader fallen, 

They ne'er had slain the king. 



£ 29T ] 

VII. 

The Flowers of the Forest. 



Though the following song has been so frequently 
reprinted, and so variously illustrated ; and though it 
has lately been proved t«_ ! e, for the greater part, mo- 
dern ; its beauty is so eminent, that I cannot help 
following the example of my predecessor, the Reverend 
Mr Lambe, and give it a place among the few scat- 
tered poems which I have been able to collect, re- 
specting the fatal field of Flodden. As the history of 
the song is fully narrated in the " Minstrelsy of the 
Border/' a work which is in the hands of most of my 
readers, I only refer to the work of my friend. His 
glossarial explanations I have, however, found neces- 
sary to subjoin. 



I've heard them lilting, at the ewe-milking, 
Lasses a* lilting before dawn of day ; 

But now they are moaning on ilka green loaning— 
The flowers of the forest are a' wede awae. 



298 APPENDIX. 

At bughts, in the morning, nae blithe lads are scorning; 

Lasses are lonely, and dowie, and wae ; 
Nae daffing, nae gabbing, but sighing and sabbing ; 

Ilk ane lifts her leglin, and hies her awae. 

In har'st, at the shearing, nae youths now are j earing; 

Bandsters are runkled, and lyart or gray ; 
At fair, or at preaching, nae wooing, nae fleeching ; — 

The flowers of the forest are a' wede awae. 

At e'en, in the gloaming, nae younkers are roaming 
'Bout stacks, with the lasses at bogle to play ; 

But ilk maid sits dreary, lamenting her deary— 
The flowers of the forest are weded awae. 

Dool and wae for the order, sent our lads to the border ! 

The English, for ance, by guile wan the day ; 
The flowers of the forest, that fought aye the foremost, 

The prime of our land are cauld in the clay. 

We/11 hear nae mair lilting, at the ewes milking; 

Women and bairns are heartless and wae : 
Sighing and moaning, on ilka green loaning — 

The flowers of the forest are a' wede awae. 



APPENDIX. 



Lilting, Singing chearfully. 
Loaning, A broad lane. 
Wede awae, Weded out. 
Scorning, Rallying. 
Dowie, Drearie. 
Doffing, Joking. 
Gabbing, Chattering. 
Leglin, Milk-pail. 
Har'st, Harvest. 
Shearing, Reaping. 
Bandsters, Sheaf-binders. 
RunJcled, Wrinkled. 
Li/art, Inclined to grey. 
Fleeching, Coaxing. 
Gloaming, Twilight. 



£"380 ] 



VIII. 



Ara 
Magnanimis Heroibus 

qui 

cum Jacobo IV. Rege 

in Funesto Praelio 

ad Fluidonem 

occubverunt 

Ad Diem IX. Vllbris 

Anno Christi 

cId.Id.xiii. 

Magnanimi Heroes vobis hanc ponimus Aram : 

Haec cum luctificis tristia signa nobis. 
Flent matres raptos natos, natique parentes ; 
Frater & in fratris funere multa gemit : 
It Tueda irrorans lachrymas, Nymphaeque sorores, 
Et quaecumque colunt flumina mcesta deae. 



APPENDIX. SOI 

Ergo furens tantum potuit Mars improbus, aut Mors, 

Mortali ut caderent numina tanta maim ? 
Ille aevi decus Augustum, spesque unica rerum, 

Atque illi invictd pectora juncta fide ? 
Dum simul hosti instant, spernunt simul omnia : nemo 

Dum cessisse velit, nee superesse valet. 
Felices animae, tanto quas Patria luctu, 

Quasque prior tollens Fama sub astra vehit ! 

[Heroes ex omni Historia Scotica lectissimi, Auctore 
Johan. Jonstono, Abredonense Scoto. Lugduni 
Batavorum cla.Ia.c.ui.] 



t *». ) 



IX. 



Letter from Pope Leo X, to Henry VIII, 

De Corpore nuper Regis Scotorum, in Praelio Flodden 
Field, Interfecti, Sepeliendo. 

[Vitell. B. 2. fol. 54. BibL Cotton.] 

" Charissime in Christo Fili noster Salutem et Apos- 
tolicam Benedictionem. 

"Cum, Claras Memoriae, Jacobus Scotorum olimRex 
Illustris eo in Fcedere quod alias cum, Clarae Memo- 
riae, Henrico Rege Patretuo Illustri fecerat, cujusque 
Foederis Auctor et Confirmator, Felicis Recordationis, 
Alexander Sextus Praedecessor noster fuerat, eas 
conditiones accepisset ut, si contra id Fcedus aliquo 
tempore veniret, excommunicationis peenam ipso jure 
incurrerel, sicut in Literis sub Plumbo ab eodem 
Prasdecessore confectis plenius continetur, 



APPENDIX. 303 

" Ac deinde idem Jacobus eum Majestate tua, cu- 
jus sororem in Matrimonio habebat illud idem Foedus 
Renovatum sanxisset, seseque eisdem Excommunica- 
tionis et Censurarum Pcenis ©bstrinxisset si pacem 
tecum atque amicitiam, etiam affinitatis vinculo con- 
tractam, ullo modo violaret, 

" Et tamen postea, his non obstantibus, Pacem et 
Foedus ipsum, tot cautionibus munitum atque sanci- 
tum, armis fregisset, 

"Ob eamque causam a Dilecto Filio nostro Chris- 
tophero Sanctae Praxedis Sanctae Romanae Ecclesise 
Presbytera, Cardinale, potestate illi per, Felicis Recor- 
dationis, Julium Secundum praedecessorem nostrum 
concessa et tradita, sicut in ipsius prsedecessoris li- 
te ris sub plumbo continetur, excommunicatus, de- 
nunciatus, et publicatus fuisset, 

" Atque, iis censuris oneratus, in prselio, quod intra 
Fines Regni tui commisit aducibus tuis victus occu- 
buerit, proptereaque in loco honesto quidem sed non 
sacro ipsius Cadaver adhuc resservetur, 

" Majestas tua et pro illius Regia Dignitate et quia 
affinitate tibi junctus erat, humana? et conditions 
casu et illius ceteris virtutibus animum tuum ad mi- 



304 APPENDIX. 

sericordiam commoventibus, honoris etiam tui hoc 
esse existimans, 

" Cupis Regis Corpus ad Urbem Londini deferri, et 
in Ecclesia Cathedrali Sancti Pauli dictae civitatis pro 
Regia Dignitate sepeliri posse, 

" Nos in hoc tarn pio et Laudi dignissimo Deside- 
rio tuo sicut in caeteris Morem Majestati tuae gerere 
cupientes, attendentesque, ut dicitur et credi debet, 
idem Jacobus Scotorum Rex, ante obitum, dum in 
extremis ageret, erratorum memor, aliqua signa poeni- 
tentiae, quae tali tempore dari poterant, dedit, tuae 
Majestati licentiam et Facultatem concedimus cor- 
pus praedictum e loco ubi nunc est, cum ea funerali 
pompa quae tibi videbitur, ad dictam civitatem trans- 
ferendi et transportati faciendi, et in eadem Ecclesia 
Sancti Pauli in loco Sacro Sepeliendi, 

" Committentes et mandantes harum serie Venera- 
bili Fratri Ricardo Londoniensi, seu alteri Episcopo 
per te eligendo, ut eundem quondam Regem, constito 
de contritione, et pcenitentiae eignis demon- 
stratis, antequam ipsius corpus sepeliatur, ab omnibus 
dictarum excommunicationum et censurarum laqueis 
ac nodis, ad hunc effectum duntaxat ut in loco sacro 



APPENDIX. 305 

possit commode sepeliri, auctoritate nostra absolvat ; 
injuncta super hoc Majestati tuae nomine ipsius Regis 
aliqua conveniente poenitenti&, quam adimplere tene- 
aris, 

" Non obstantibus praemissis ac Constitutionibus et 
Ordinationibus Apostolicis, caeterisque contrariis qui- 
buscumque. 

" Dat. Romae apud Sanctum Petrum sub anulo 
Piscatoris, die vicesimo nono Novembris, Millesimo 
quingentesimo decimo tertio, Pontificates nostri An- 
no Primo. 

Ja. Sadoletus. 



Carissimo in Christo Filio nostro 
Henrico Anglice Regi Illustri. 



[ 306 ] 



X. 



Lindsay of Pitscottie's Account of the Battle of 
Tloddon. 



[History of Scotland, Ed. Edinburgh, 1728, 
p. 112—118.] 

[Having related the midnight vision at the Cross, the 

Historian thus proceeds :] 

Thir novels passed through the town to every man ; 
and at last they came to the king's ears, who gave 
them little credence, and refused utterly all wise 
and godly counsel, which was to his honour, and the 
commonweal of the country ; and would use no coun- 
sel of his prudent wife Margaret, Queen of Scotland, 
for no prayer nor supplication that she could make ; 



APPENDIX. 307 

shewing to him, that she had but one son to him, 
which was but a weak warrant to the realm of Scot- 
land, and oversoon to him to pass to battle, leaving 
such small succession behind him : Therefore she 
thought it best, that he should tarry till God send 
them more fruit of his body ; for she assured him, if 
he passed in England, at that time, he would get battle. 
Yet this wise counsel and admonition was of no ways 
accepted, nor taken in good part by him ; because she 
was the king of England's sister, and therefore was the 
less regarded. Yet this noblewoman did her duty, and 
labour, so far as she might, for the well of her hus- 
band, and the commonweal of the country, and also 
for the love she bore to her brother, the king of Eng- 
land, desiring no discord to be betwixt the two realms 
in her time. 

But, nevertheless, nothing would be heard, but for- 
ward the king sent unto the place where the musters 
were received, that is to say, in the Burrow-muir be- 
side Edinburgh ; where there assembled the king, and 
all his lords, barons, burgesses, and freeholders, and 
all manner of men betwixt sixty and sixteen, as well 
spiritual as temporal, both burgh and land, as well the 
out isles as the firm land, which hastily came, and 



30$ APPENDIX. 

were there to the number of a hundred thousand light- 
ing men,* together with the carriagemen and artillery, 
which was to the number of thirty shot of great artil- 
lery, and thirty field-pieces, with all their ordinance 
of powder and bullet; and passed syne forward to Esk, 
and camped there ; and on the morrow, went to Wark 
and Norham, and cast them down ; and thereafter 
went to Ford, and cast it down. Great slaughter was 
made of the king's men that stood about the house in 
the flyings of the timber. Some say the lady of Foord 
was a beautiful woman, and that the king medled with 
her, and also his son Alexander Stuart, bishop of St 
Andrews, with her daughter, which was against God's 
commandment, f and against the order of all good cap-? 



* " Moreouer in euerie band (almost generally thoroughout) 
there was a knight appointed for capteine and guider ; and 
amongst them certain French capteins, the which King Lewes 
had sent over into Scotland latelie before, to traine the Scots 
in the practise of warres." — Holinshed's Chron. Among these 
was Mons. de la Mote-Francois, who, in the French gazette 
of the battle, is enumerated among the slain. 

+ The honest historian remembered here the injunction of 
the fictitious St John at Linlithgow, " to mell with no woman" 
before the battle. Who the young lady was who amused the 
Archbishop, I am not able to determine, as no daughter of Sir 
William Heron appears in Sir Richard Heron's genealogy of 
his family. See the Notes on v. 1377. 



APPENDIX. 309 

tains of war, to begin at whoredom and harlotry be- 
fore any good success of battle or victory had fallen 
unto them, and fornication had a great part of the 
wyte* of their evil success. 

Notwithstanding the king continued still there the 
space of twenty days without battle ; till, at last, all 
the victuals and vivers f of the commons were spent ; 
and many of the fat North-Land and Isles-men were 
spent and wasted in the famine in this same manner, 
that it was force to them to pass home ; and every 
lord and gentleman sent one or two home of their 
special friends, to bring them victuals in this ways ; 
then baid J not with the king above ten thousand men, 
by borderers and countrymen. Yet the king's grace 
took no fear, because he believed no battle of the Eng- 
lishmen at that time. 

But this wicked lady of Foord seeing the king's host 
so dispersed for lack of victuals, and knowing all the 
secrets that were among the king's men and the army, 
both of the king himself and his secret council ; and 
this experience she had by her frequent whoredom 
with the king, and also her daughter with his son, 

* Blame. + Provisions, Fr. $ Stayed, abided. 



310 APPENDIX. 

which moved her to ask licence at the king to pass in- 
ward in the country, to speak with certain of her 
friends, declaring to the king, that she should bring 
him all novels out of the south country, what they 
were doing, or what was their purpose for to do, de- 
siring his grace to remain to her coming. And he 
again, as an effeminate prince, subdued and enticed 
by the allurement and false deceit of this wicked wo- 
man, gave her over hastily credence in this behalf, and 
believed surely all had been true that she had promi- 
sed : to that effect gart* convoy her a certain way 
from the host, as she desired. But this lady, thinking 
nothing that she had promised to the king, that, on no 
ways, she would keep it, for the love she bare her na- 
tive country ; but hastily past, with a deceitful mind, 
to the Earl of Surrey, where he was lying at York at 
that time ; and shew to him the whole secrets of the 
king of Scotland and his army ; what point he was at, 
and how his men were departed from him for lack of 
victuals; and that there were not bidden t with him 
but ten thousand men of all his army : Therefore, she 



* Caused. + Remained* 



APPENDIX. 311 

thought it expedient, that the Earl of Surrey should 
come forward, with all that he might be at that time. 
She promised to them that they should have victory, 
for she, by her craft and ingine, should deceive the 
king, so far as she could, to put him in the English- 
men's hands. 

Thir novels being come to the Earl of Surrey, by 
this wicked woman, he was very glad thereof, and 
thanked her greatly for her labours and travels she 
took for her native country ; promising to her, that 
within three days, he should meet the king of Scot- 
land, and give him battle. 

In this mean time, there were letters come to the 
Earl of Surrey, that his son, the Lord Howard, was 
landed at Dover, six thousand men of war with him, 
of the best of all king Hary's armies, sent to him by 
the said Hary, who was lying in France at this time, 
seeking his pension, and got word, that the king of 
Scotland was come in England, invading his realm, for 
love of France ; which was contrarious to the law of 
God, the welfair of both the said realms of England 
and Scotland, considering the promise, bands, alliance 
made betwixt both the said realms, as we have shewn 
before to you* Notwithstanding, the king of England 



312 APPENDIX. 

lamented heavily the unkindness of his good-brother,* 
the king of Scots. And therefore he wrote home a 
commission to the Earl of Surrey, that he should be 
lieutenant for the time, and raise the whole body of 
England, both gentlemen and commons, and cause 
them to pass forward against the king of Scotland, to 
defend their realm ; giving them an express command, 
that he should not invade the king of Scotland by any 
manner of way, but in his own defence ; nor should not 
pursue the king of Scotland, nor none of his, in Scot- 
tish ground ; but defend themselves within the realm 
of England. 

The Earl of Surrey hearing the letters of commis- 
sion presented by his son, was very rejoyced ; and also 
of the home-coming of his son, Lord Howard ; and 
took such courage, that he assembled all his army of 
England, and made their musters incontinent, to the 
number of fifty thousand gentlemen and commons. 
The captains hereof were, the Earl of Surrey, principal 
lieutenant to the king's grace ; and under him his son, 
Lord Howard, principal governor of the host ; and the 



• Brother«in-law« 



APPENDIX. 313 

Lord Dacres Marshal, the Lord of Westrauirland, and 
the Percies of Northumberland, were chieftains of the 
vanguard. And thus, in all possible haste, marched 
forward toward the Scots, where they lay for the time, 
to wit, at Floudown Hills, taking care of no enemies 
to invade them at that time, and specially of English- 
men. For the king, nor none of his council, knew of 
the Earl of Surrey's coming, nor yet believed to have 
had battle of him, nor of none other of England at that 
time, considering the king was not present in the 
realm. 

Thus the king of Scotland so insolent, having no 
foresight nor moyen* in the country, lay still, ta- 
king no thought, as a man uncounsellable, which 
would do nothing for his lords and his captains, for 
the safeguard of his host, and commonweal of his no- 
bles ; nor yet for obtaining of victory, and defending 
of his own honour ; but lying still abiding the lady of 
Foord's coming ; but all for nought : for she did no- 
thing but deceived him, and came not again till the 
English army came with her. So the king of Scot- 



* Means, Fr. 



314 APPENDIX. 

land never knew the coming of the army of England, 
while they were within the space of three miles, ar- 
rayed in seven great battles. 

When thir novels were shewn to the king of Scot- 
land, he would scantly credit them ; but lap on horse, 
and rode to the hills to visit them : But when he saw 
them coming so fast forward, he caused to sound his 
trumpets, and put his men in array, and ordained to 
charge his artillery, and make all ready. 

In this mean time, the lords passed to the council, 
thinking they would not suffer the king to give battle, 
at that time, to a man of low degree. But when the 
lords pj d to the council, as said is, the king disgui- 
sed kif 'If, and came privily and heard every lord's 
vote, and what was their conclusion toward his pro- 
ceedings : to wit, the lords devised and charged Pat- 
rick Lord Lindesay to be chancellor and first voter in 
the council, because he was best learned, and of great- 
est age, and had greatest experience amongst them all 
at that time. They required of him, if he thought 
good that the king should give battle to England, at 
that time, or not. The Lord Lindesay, being ripely 
advised in this matter, seeing the proceedings, conver- 
sation, and behaviour of the king, answered to the 



APPENDIX. 315 

lords in this manner, as after follows, saying, " My 
lords, ye desire my opinion and judgment, if the king 
should give battle to England, or not. My lords, I 
will give you forth a similitude, desiring you to know 
my mind by the same hereafter. I compare your lord- 
ships to an honest merchant, who would, in his voy- 
age, go to the dice with a common hazarder, and there 
to jeopardy a rose-noble on a cast, against a gleed 
halfpenny ; * which, if this merchant wins, it will be 
counted but little, or else nought ; but, if he tynes, f 
he tynes his honour, with that piece of gold, which is 
of more value. So, my lords, ye may understand by 
this, ye shall be called the merchant, anr 1 ui < king a 
rose-noble, and England the commQnhapptf ; wno 
have nothing to jeopardy butgto ther -iaifpenny, in 
comparison dords, fcjaohftl fight tHiu an old crooked 
carilj lying in a Jbad sw," and though they tyne him, 
they tyne but little ; but if we jeopardy our noble king 



* A gleed halfpenny, perhaps a shining or worn-off half- 
penny. 

+ Loses. 

| Caril, carl, fellow. — I have not met with any other ac- 
count of the malconformation of Surrey's person. 



316 APPENDIX. 

at this time, with a simple wight, and happen to tyne 
him, we will be called evil merchants, and far worse 
counsellors to his majesty : For if we tyne him, we 
tyne the whole realm of Scotland, and the whole no- 
bility thereof ; for none, my lords, at this time, have 
bidden* but gentlemen; the commons are all depart- 
ed from us for lack of victual ; so that it is not decent 
nor seemly to us, that we should jeopardy our noble 
king and his nobility, with an old crooked caril, and 
certain sutorsf and taylors with him in company: But 
better it were, to cause the king remove, and certain 
of his lords with him ; and, whom he thinks most ex- 
pedient to r'e the matter in hand, and jeopardy them- 
selves for t.> ant *'& pleasure, and their own honour, 

and the comm was ^ ->f the country at this time: 

A , . c i j i the lords ^. , , . -ad c' 

And if your lordships -- ais manner, I 

. . , . , . hancellor .*- 

think it best for my own part. 

j 
By this the Lord Lindesay had voted in this man- 
ner, the whole lords were content of his conclusion, 
and nominate certain lords to take the battles in hand, 
that is to say, the Earl of Huntley in the north, the 



* Remained. + Shoemakers. 



APPENDIX. 317 

Earl of Argyle, the Earl of Crawford, the Earl of Mar- 
shal ; and, in the west part of Scotland, the Earl of 
Glencairn, the Lord Graham, the Lord Maxwel ; and 
in the south, the Earl of Angus, the Earl of Bodwell, 
the Lord Hume, to be rulers of the king's host, and 
fight in battle against England ; and the king to pass, 
with a certain company of his nobility, a little from 
the army, where he might see the valiant acts of both 
the sides, and be in safeguard himself. 

This being devised and spoken, and finally conclu- 
ded with all the whole lords ; the king, near hand by, 
disguised, as I shew to you before, desiring to hear 
their counsel and conclusion, and to be unknown of 
them, burst forth, and answered unhappily in this 
manner, as after follows, saying to them, in a furious 
rage, " My lords, I shall fight this day against Eng- 
land, though ye had sworn the contrary; though ye 
would all flee from me, and shame yourselves, ye shall 
not shame me, as ye devise: And to Lord Patrick 
Lindesay, that has gotten the first vote, I vow to God, 
I shall never see Scotland sooner, than I shall cause 
him hang at his own gate." 

Thus the lords were astonished at the king's answer, 
peeing him into a fury, and were fain to satisfy his 



318 APPENDIX. 

pleasure, and serve his appetite in all things, as he 
commanded. 

By this the watches came, and shew the king the 
English army was at hand, marching fast forward 
within the space of a Scottish mile. Then the king 
caused blow the trumpets, and set his men in order of 
battle ; to wit, he gave the vanguard to the Earl of 
Huntley and to the Lord Hume, * who were in num- 
ber ten thousand men ; and took the great battle un- 
to himself, with all the nobility of Scotland, which 
passed not above twenty thousand men,f and march- 



* Pitscottie, in giving to Huntley and Hume the vanguard, is 
in some measure in the right, as the left wing which they com- 
manded was the first to engage the enemy, and during the 
march formed, in fact, the advanced corps of the Scottish 
army. 

( + The historian has here forgot, that, a few sentences be- 
fore, the lady of Ford informed the 1 arl of Surrey that only 
ten thousand of the Scottish host remained. The number men- 
tioned above is probably the real state of the case. A greater 
number of Hume's followers, who were Borderers, would na- 
turally remain, and render his corps with that of Huntley, 
the strongest division of the army. From the French original 
gazette, it would appear, that Huntley was joined with Craw- 
ford, and that Hume formed the left detached division of the 
left wing opposed to Sir Edmond Howard, who, in the like 
manner, formed the right of his brother the lord admiral. 



APPENDIX. 3i9 

ed forward a little in the sight of the Englishmen, who 
were then passing over the bridge to them. The mas- 
ter-gunner came in presence of the king, and fell on 
his knees, desiring at the king's grace, that he might 
shoot his artillery at the English host, where they were 
coming over the bridge of Tills ; for he promised and 
took in hand, that he shoulc] cut the bridge at their 
overcoming ; that the king should have no displeasure 
at the one half, while the other should be devoured ; 
for he stiled* his artillery for the bridge, and they 
came thereon. The king answered to Robert Borth- 
wick, his gunner, like a man that had been reft of his 
wit, saying to him, " I shall hang thee, quarter thee, 
and draw thee, if thou shoot one shoot this day. I am 
determined that I will have them all before me on a 
plain field, and see then what they can do all before 
me. 

The Englishmen were come all over the bridge, f 



* Directed. 

t The wily Surrey must have been advised, by some trustj 
informer, of the chivalrous intention of the Scottish monarch, 
to fight him without any advantage of situation ; otherwise he 
would never have ventured to pass a bridge liable to be de- 



320 APPENDIX. 

and the vanguards were marching near together ; to 
wit, the Scottish vanguard, the Earl of Huntley, the 
Lord Hume, with the Borderers and countrymen there- 
of, in like manner, who joined cruelly on every side, 
and fought cruelly with uncertain victory: But, at 
last, the Earl of Huntley's Highlandmen, with their 
bows and two-handed swords, wrought so manfully, 
that they defeat the Englishmen, without any slaugh- 
ter on their side. Then the Earl of Huntley and Lord 
Hume blew their trumpets, and convened their men 
again into their standards. 

By this the two great battles of England came for- 
ward upon the king's battle, and joined awfully at the 
sound of the trumpet, and fought furiously a long 
while ; but at last the king of Scotland defeat them 
both. Then the great battle of England, led by the 
Lord Howard, who was under his father the Earl of 
Surrey, governor of that battle, who came furiously 
upon the king, to the number of twenty thousand fresh 



stroyed by the Scottish artillery. This is another circum- 
stance, which supports the authenticity of the interference of 
Lady Heron. 
3 



APPENDIX. 381 

i. But the king's battle encountered them hardily, 
and fought manfully on both the sides, with uncertain 
victory, till that the streams of blood ran on either side 
so abundantly, that all the fields and waters were made 
red with the confluence thereof. The Earl of Hunt- 
ley and the Lord Hume then standing in arrayed bat- 
tle, who had win the vanguard before, and few of their 
men either hurt or slain ; the Earl of Huntley desired 
at the Lord Hume, that he would help the king, and 
rescue him in this extremity ; for he said, that he was 
overset with the multitude of men. Notwithstanding 
the Lord Hume answered the Earl of Huntley in this 
manner, saying, " He does well that does for himself; 
we have foughten our vanguards, and have won the 
same : therefore let the lave * do their part, as well 
as we." The Earl of Huntley answered again, and 
said, he could not suffer his native prince to be over- 
come with his enemies before his eyes : therefore called 
his men together by sluggorn, and sound of trumpets, 
to have past to the king. But ere he came, all was 



* The rest, 
x 



322 APPENDIX. 

defeat on either side, that few or none was living, nei- 
ther on the king's part, nor on the other. * 

Some say there came four men upon four horses ri- 
ding to the field, with four spears, and a wisp on every 
spearhead, to be a sign and witter + to them, that eve- 
ry one of them should know other. They rode in the 
field, and horsed the king, and brought him forth of 
the field on a din J hackney. But some say, they had 
him into the Merse, betwixt Dunse and Kelso ; what 
they did with him there I cannot tell : But one, ten 
years thereafter, convicted of a slaughter, offered to 
the Duke of Albany, for his life, to let him see the 
place where the prince was yearded,§ to the token he 
should let him see his belt of iron lying beside him in 
the grave. But notwithstanding this man got no au- 
dience by them that were about him; the Duke of 
Albany desired not at that time that such thing should 



* In this gallant attempt of the Earl of Huntley, his standard 
or penon became the prize of the enemy; -which will be found 
delineated in the present work, from a copy transmitted from 
George Chalmers, Esq. 

f Mark. £ Dun. § Buried, earthed. 



APPENDIX. 323 

be known : but we will leave this, and return to our 
purpose. * 

The field diseomfeist in this manner on both sides ; 
for neither England nor Scotland knew who had the 
better in that battle, but that the Scottishmen mist 
their king ; for there was ever two Englishmen slain 
for one Scottishman; and so many of the Englishmen 
that were alive, retired to the Earl of Surrey, and Lord 
Howard his son, and retired a little from the field, and 
stood on their feet that night, while on the morn at 
nine hours, not knowing who had win or tint the field i 
And likewise the Lord Hume stood all that night on 
his feet, with the number of ten thousand men ; while, 
on the morrow that the sun rose, he seeing no noise, 
neither of English nor Scots, departed his way, and 
left the king's artillery behind him, which he might 
have had rescued, and brought with him, if he had 



* These, and similar tales, such as the king's preservation and 
pilgrimage in foreign climes, &c< were probabiy prompted by 
the natural love of the people for a monarch, who was as chi- 
valrous, as rash, as unfortunate, and whose death was as firm- 
ly disbelieved by many of his countrymen as that of Sebastian, 
king of Portugal, whose character and warfaie strong! v re- 
sembles that of James. In Anderson's History of Scotland? 



324 APPENDIX. 

pleased ; * for I heard say, upon the morn at ten 
hours, that a hundred Scottishmen might have brought 
away the king's artillery safely, without any stop of 
Englishmen. But soon after the Englishmen hearing 
that the Lord Hume was retired from the field, came 
soon together with the number that they might be, 
carted it, and had it away to Berwick, where much of 
it remains to this day ; syne f went through the field 
seeking the noblemen who were slain, and in special 
the king's grace. They found many like him, clad in 
his coat of armour, but no man could say surely that 
it was he, because the same day of the field, he caused 
ten to be clad in his coat of armour ; among the rest 



written about the commencement of the eighteenth century, 
and preserved in the Advocates Library in Mb. a greater num- 
ber of traditions respecting James IV. after the battle of 
Floddon, are preserved, than Pitscottie has admitted into his 
account. 

* This accusation, like the others preferred against Hume, 
is probably very much exaggerated. His followers would, 
no doubt, be more anxious to secure the riches of the Eng- 
lish camp, which they pillaged during the battle, than to pre- 
serve the property of the crown. But to carry off a large park 
of artillery, in the presence of a victorious, though certainly 
much diminished army, would have required a larger force and 
longer time than the Border chieftain could spare. 

t Since, after that. 



APPENDIX. 325 

there were two of his guard, the one called Alexander 
Macculloch, and the other the Squire of Cleisch, which 
were men of raakedom both like the king ; therefore, 
when they were dead gotten in the field, and the king's 
coat of armour upon them, the Englishmen believing 
that one of them was the kin£, they took one of them, 
whom they thought most apparently to be like the 
king, and cast him in a chariot, and had him away to 
England with them. But yet we know surely they 
got not the king, because they had never the token of 
the iron belt to shew to any Scottishman. * This sor- 
rowful battle was stricken and ended, on this manner, 
at Floudoun-hills, in the month of September, the 
ninth day, the year of God one thousand five hundred 
and thirteen years, and his reign the twenty-fifth year. 
James IV. unhappily slain in this manner, with ma- 
ny of his nobles, not by the manhood and wisdom of 
Englishmen, but by the king's own misgovernance, 



* A strong argument against these Scotish assumptions, is the 
letter of Leo X. [See App. No. IX.] to request the royal burial 
of the corpse, which most probably was written at the inter- 
cession of Scotland. The regency would hardly have caused 
his Holiness to intercede for the burial of Alexander Maccul- 
loch, or the Squire of Cleish. 



S26 APPENDIX. 

that would not use the counsel of his wise nobles, in 
defending of his honour, and preserving of his army ; 
but used himself to his own sensual pleasures, which 
was the cause of his ruin : * Therefore all other prin- 
ces may take example by him, which refused honest 
and good counsel, and specially of them which were 
the principal defenders of the realm. Though he was 
the head, they were the arms and the special defence 
of the whole body; for ofttimes it is heard and seen, 
that the arms defend the head when it is pursued by 
violence ; and are the buckler that man doth present 
for the safe-guard of the head, though the head makes 
little defence to the arms ; as so is seen of this unfor- 
tunate king, that brought his barons to such a point, 
through his wilful misgovernance, that they were all 
cruelly murdered and slain, in his default, and not in 
theirs. 



* Pitscottie is still thinking of the injunction of the awful 
vision of the apostle, to continue chaste till the day of battle, 
and the peremptory denunciation of the consequence of his 
non-compliance. 



{ 327 3 



XI. 



Account of the Battle of Floddon,from Halle's Chro- 
nicle of England. 1 548. foL 



The Earl of Surrey, beynge at Porapfret, called to 
hym the most parte of the gentlemen of the counties 
to hym apoynted as is before rehersed, declaringe to 
them the kynges hygh commaundement, shevvynge 
them, that he beynge there the kynge's lieutenant muste 
nedes have ayde and counsayll ; wherefore he sware 
the mooste wysest and expert gentelmen in such causes 
of the kynge's counsayll and hys for that tyme, for the 
better compassyBge hys charge and purpose, and for 
too brynge euerye thynge in dewe order. Fyrst they 
toke a determination wyth Syr Philippe Tylney, knight, 
treasurer of the warres, howe the charges shoulde be 



328 APPENDIX. 

payde, and secondarely with syr Nycholas Applyarde, 
master of the ordinaunce, for the conveyaunce of the 
kynges royal ordinaunces, pouder and artillerie to 
Newcastell, and so forwarde as the case should re- 
quyer, whiche Syr Nicholas, by William Blacknall, 
clercke of the kynges spyceri, sent the sayde ordi- 
naunce and artyllerye to Durham before, so that all 
thynges concerning that office were in a redynes. The 
Earle forgatt not to sende to all lordes, spirituall and 
temporall, knyghtes, gentelmenne, or other which had 
tenauntes, or were rulers of tounes or liberties (able 
to make men) to certifye what number of able men 
horsed and harnesed, they were able to make within 
an houres warnynge, and to geue there attendaunce on 
hym, and also he layed postes every waye, which postes 
stretched to the marches of Wales to the counseyll 
there, by reason whereof, he had knowledge what was 
done in euerye coste. 

The earle was enformed by the Lord Dacres, of the 
numbrynge and preparing of men in Scotlande, and 
proclamations soundynge to the breche of peace, and 
yet though he considered that the roade made by the 
chamberlayne of Scotlande into England, beyng dis- 
trussed by Sir William Bulmer, as is afore rehersed, 



APPENDIX. $& 

was an open breche of the perpetual peace ; yet the 
sayrie Lord Daeres auysed the earle for many and 
great weighty causes not to reyse or styrre the powers 
of the. countrey, to hym appoynted, tyll he mighte per- 
ceyue, and openly know the subtyle purpose and en- 
tent of the Scottes aforesaid, lest yf the Scottes had 
perceyued the Englishemen redy to fight, they would 
have desisted of theyr purpose for that tyme, tyll the 
Englishmen were returned to their countreys, and then 
sodaynely to ryse agayne. 

Then the erle knowynge that the towne of Berwyck 
was strong ynough, sent to the capitayne of Norham, 
certefienge hym, that yf he thought the castell in anye 
daungier or debylitie, he woulde put hymselfe in a re- 
dynes to reskew it, if it were beseged, the capitayne 
wrote to the earle, thankynge hym, and prayed God 
that the kynge of Scottes would come with hys puys- 
saunce, for he woulde kepe hym playe tyll the tyme 
that the kynge of Englande came out of Fraunce to 
reskew it, whyche aunswer reioysed the earle muche. 

After the kynge of Scottes had sent hys defyaunce 
to the kynge of Englande, lyenge before Tyrwyn, as you 
have harde, he dayly made his musters, and assembled 
his people ouer all hys realme, whereof the brute was 



330 APPENDIX. 

that they were twoo hundred thousand, but for a sure- 
ty they were an hundred thousand good fightynge men 
at the lest, und with all hys hoste and power entered 
into Englande, (and threw doune pyles) the xxii. day 
of August, and planted hys siege before the castell of 
Norham, and sore abated the walles. The earle hard 
tydynges thereof the fyue and twenty day of August, 
beynge saynct Barthelmewes daye. 

Then he wrote to all the gentelmen of the shyres 
aforesayde, to be wyth hym at Newcastell, the fyrste 
day of September next, with all there retynew accord- 
ynge to the certificat. On the morow, he wyth hys 
fyue hundred menne came to Yorke, and the xxvi. 
daye he went toward Newcastell, and notwythstand- 
ynge that he had the fowleste daye and nyght that 
could be, and the wayes so depe, in so muche that hys 
guyde was almoste drouned before hym, yet he neuer 
ceased, but kept on his jorney to geue example to them 
that shoulde folowe. He beynge at Durham, was ad- 
uertysed how the kynge of Scottes wyth hys great or- 
dinaunce had rased the walles of the castell of Nor- 
ham, and had made thre great assaultes thre dayes 
together, and the capitaynes valiauntl} T defended hym, 
but he spent vaynely so muche of hys ordinaunce, 



APPENDIX. 331 

bowes and arrowes, and other municions, that at the 
laste he tacked, and so was at the vi. daye compelled 
to yelde hym symply to the kynge's nvercye. Thys 
casteil was thought impregenable, yf it had bene well 
furnished, but the Scottes by the undiscrete spendynge 
of the capitayne, toke it in sixe dayes ; thys chaunce 
was more sorowful to the earle than to the bishoppe 
owner of the same. All that nyghte the wynde blewe 
coragiously, wherfor the earle doubted least the Lorde 
Howard hys sonne,greate Admyrall of Englande, should 
perishe that nyght on the sea, who promysed to lande 
at Newcastell with a thousand men, to accompaynie 
his father, whyche promise he accomplished. 

The earle harde masse, and appoynted wyth the 
Prior for saincte Cutberde's banner, and so that daye 
beynge the thyrty daye of August, he came to New- 
castell : thither came the Lorde Dacres, Sir Willam 
Bulmer, Syr Marmaduke Constable, and many other 
substanciall gentellmen, whom he retayned wyth hym 
as counsayllers ; and these determined, that on Sundaye 
next ensuynge, he shoulde take the felde at Bolton, in 
Giendale ; and because many souldiours were repayr- 
ynge to hym, he left Newcastell to the entent that 
|;hey that folowed, shoulde have there more rome, and 



332 APPENDIX. 

came to'Alnewyke the thyrde of September ; and be- 
cause his souldiars were not come, by reason of the 
foule waye, he was fayne to tarye there ail the fourthe 
daye beynge Sundaye, whiche daye came to hym the 
Lorde Admirall his sonne, with a compaignye of val- 
yaunt capitaynes and able souldiars and maryners, 
whiche all came from the sea ; the commynge of hym 
muche reioysed hys father, for he was very wyse, har- 
dy, and of greate credence and experience. Then the 
earle and hys counsayll, with great deliberacion, ap- 
poynted his battayles in order, with wynges and with 
ryders necessarie. 

Fyrste of the forwarde was capitayne the Lord 
Howarde, Admyrall of Englande, with suche as came 
from the sea, and wyth hym Syr Nycholas Appl- 
yarde, Syr Stephen Bull, Syr Henry Shyreburne, 
Syr Wylliam Sydney, Sir Edwarde Echyngham, the 
Lorde Clyfford, the Lorde Conyers, the Lorde Laty- 
mer, the Lorde Scrope of Upsale, the Lorde Egle, the 
Lorde Lomley, Syr William Bulmer, with the power 
of the Bishoprycke of Durham, Syr Wylliam Gas- 
coyne, Sir Christopher Ward, Syr Jhon Eueryngham, 
Syr Thomas Metham, Syr Water Gryffith, and many 
©ther. 



APPENDIX. 338 

Of the wynge on the righte hande of the forward, 
was capitayne Syr Edmonde Hovvarde, knight, mar- 
shall of the hoste, and with hym Bryan Tunstall, 
Raufe Brearton, Jhon Laurence, Richard Bolde, Es- 
quyers; and Syr Jhon Bothe, Syr Thomas Butler, 
knyghtes ; Rycharde Donne, Jhon Bygod, Thomas 
Fitzwilliam, John Clarays, Bryan Stapulton, Robert 
Warcophe, Richard Cholmeley, wyth the men of Hull, 
and the kynge's tenauntes of Hatfield, and other. 

Of the wynge of the left hande, was capitayne Syr 
Marmaduke Constable, with hys sonnes and kynnes- 
men, Sir William Percy, and of Lancashire, a thou- 
sand men. 

Of the rerewarde was capitayne the Earle of Sur- 
rey hymselfe, and wyth hym the Lord Scrope of Bolton, 
Syr Philippe Tylney, Syr George Darce, Syr Thomas 
Barkebey, Syr Jhon Rocliffe, Syr Christopher Picker- 
ynge, Richard Tempest, Sir Jhon Stanley, with the 
Byshoppe of Elyes servaunts, Syr Bryan Stapulton, 
Lyonell Percy, with the Abbot of Whitbye's ser- 
vaunts, Christopher Clapham, Syr William Gascoing 
the younger, Syr Gay Downey, Maister Magnus, 
Mayster Dal bye's servauntes, Sir Jhon Normanuyle, 
the citizens of Yorke, Syr Nynyan Markanuyle, Sir 
Jhon Wylloghby, with other. 



334 APPENDIX. 

Of the wyng on the right hande was capitayne the 
Lord Dacres, wyth his power. 

On the lefte hande wynge was Syr Edward Stanley, 
knight, with the residue of the power of the countye 
Palantyne, and of Lancaster. 

And when all men were appoynted, and knewe what 
to do, the earl and his counsayll concluded, and deter- 
mined emonge other thynges to sende Rouge Crosse, 
pursiuaunt of armes, with a trompet to the kynge of 
Scottes, wyth certayne instruccions signed by the rl- d 
erle, conteynynge woorde by woorde as foloweth. 

Fyrste, where there hath bene suyte made to the 
kynge of Scottes, by Elizabeth Heron, wyfe to Wyl- 
liam Heron of Forde, now prysoner in Scotlande, for 
castynge doune of the house or castell of Forde ; and 
as the sayde Elizabeth reporteth uppon communica- 
tion had, the sayde kynge hath promysed and condi- 
scended to the sayde Elizabeth, that if she any tyme 
before none, the fift daye of September, woulde brynge 
and delyuer unto hym the Lorde Johnstowne, and 
Alexander Hume, then prysonnerrs in England, he 
then is contented, and agreed that the sayde house or 
castell shall stande wyth out castynge doune, bren= 
nynge or spoylynge the same : Whereunto the sayde 



APPENDIX. 335 

earle is content with that uppon this condition, that 
yf the sayde kynge wyll promytte the assuraunce of 
the sayde castell, in raaner and forme aforesayde un- 
der his seale, to deliuer the sayde Lorde of Jhon- 
stowne and Alexander Hume, immediately uppon the 
same assuraunce. And in case the sayde kynge can 
and wyll be content to delyuer the sayde Heron out 
of Scotlande, then the sayde earle shal cause to be 
deliuered to the sayde kynge, the two gentelmen and 
two other, Syr George Hume and William Carre. 

Farther, the said earle woll that you Rouge Crosse, 
shewe the sayde kynge, that where he contrary to his 
othe and league, and vnnaturally agaynste all reason 
:and conscience, hathe entred and inuaded this his bro- 
ther's realme of Englande, and done great hurte to the 
same, in caslynge downe castelles, towers, and houses, 
brennynge, spoyling, and de&troiynge of the same, and 
cruelly murderynge the king of Englande hys brother's 
subiects : Wherefore the sayde earle wyll be readye 
•to trye the rightfulnes of the matter, with the kynge 
in battail by Friday next commynge, at the farthest, 
yf he of hys noble courage wyll geue hym tarienge, 
and abode within this the kynge's realme so longe 
tyme. And the same the sayde earle promiseth, as he 



SS6 APPENDIX. 

is true knight to God, and the kynge of Englande hys 
mayster. And before Rouge Crosse shoulde departe 
wyth thesayde instructions, the sayde Lorde Admyrall 
gaue hym in credence too shewe the said kynge of hys 
commyngye, and parte of his compaignye on the sea 
wyth hym ; and that he hadde sough te the Scottyshe 
nauye, then beynge on the sea, but he coulde not 
mete with theym, because they were fledde into 
Fraunce. by the coste of Irelande. 

And in as muche as the sayde kynge hadde diuerse 
and many tymes caused the sayde lorde too be called 
at dayes of true, to make redresse for Andrew Barton, 
a pirate of the sea, longe before that vanquyshed by 
the same Lorde Admyrall, he was nowe come in hys 
awne proper persone too be in the vauntgarde of the 
felde, to justifye the deathe of the saide Andrewe, 
agaynste hym and all hys people, and woulde se what 
coulde be layde to hys charge the sayde daye ; and 
that he nor none of hys compaignye shoulde take no 
Scottishe noble man prysoner, nor any other, but they 
shoulde dye yf they shoulde come in hys daunger, one- 
les it were the kynges awne persone, for he sayde he 
trusted to none other curtesy e at the haudes of the 
Scottes. 

13 



APPENDIX. 337 

And in thys maner he shoulde fynde hym in the 
vauntgarde of the fekle, by the grace of God and 
Sayncte George, as he was a trew knyghte. Yet be- 
fore the departynge of Rouge Crosse wyth the sayd 
instruccions and credence, it was though te by the 
earle and hys counsayll, that the sayde kynge woulde 
fayne and imagen some other message, to sende an 
heraulde of hys wyth the same, onely to view, and 
ouerse the maner and order of the kynge's royal ar- 
mye, ordinaunce, and artillerie, then beyng wyth the 
earle, wherby myght haue ensued great daungier to 
the same, and for exchuynge thereof, he hadde in 
commaundement, that yf any such message were sente, 
not to bryng any person commynge therewith within 
three or two myle of the felde at the nyghest, where 
the sayde earle woulde come, and heare what he 
woulde saye : and thus departed Rouge Crosse, wyth 
hys trumpet apparayled in his cote of armes. 

On Mondaye the fyfte daye of September, the earle 
tooke hys felde at Bolton, in Glendall, as he had ap- 
poyncted, where all the noblemen and gentelmen met 
wyth their retynewes, to the number of six and twen- 
ty thousande men, and aboute mydnighte nexte ensu- 
yng, came the trumpette, whyche went wyth Rouge 
y 



§38 APPENDIX. 

Crosse, and declared how the kynge of Scottes, after 
the message done to hym by Rouge Crosse accordynge 
to his instruccions, the sayde kynge detayned hym, 
and sent one Hay, a herauld of hys, wyth hym vnto 
the earle, to declare to hym the said kynge' s pleasure, 
too whome the earle sente Yorke, heraulde at armes, 
to accompaignye the sayde Hay, at a village called 
Mylo, tvvoo myles from the felde, vntyll the comyng 
thether of the sayde earle the next morow. 

The sixte daye of September, early in the morn- 
ynge, the earle, accompaignied with the mooste parte 
of the lordes, knyghtes, and gentelmen of the felde, 
euery man hauynge with hym but one man to holde 
hys horse, and so the sayde heraulde met wyth the 
earle; and with blunt reuerence declared to him, that 
he was come from hys master the kynge of Scottes, 
whyche woulde knowe, whyther the earle sent anye 
suche message by Rouge Crosse; the earle iustified 
the same, saiynge farther, that Rouge Crosse hadde 
the same message of hym in writynge, signed wyth 
hys awne hande, whereunto the sayde Hay sayde, as 
touchynge the sauynge from brennynge or. destroy- 
inge, and castynge downe of the castell of Forde, for 
the deliuerance of the sayd prisoners, the 'kynge his 
11 



APPENDIX. 339 

mayster woulde therto make no aunswer. But as too 
the abydynge for battayl betwene that and Fridaye 
then nexte folowynge, the kyng his master badde hym 
shewe to the earle, that he was as welcome as any no- 
ble manne of England unto the same kynge ; and that 
yf he had bene at home in his towne of Edenborough, 
there receyuyng such a message from the sayd erle, 
he woulde gladlye have come and fulfylled the sayde 
earle's desyre ; and the herauide assured the earle on 
the kynge his mayster's behalfe, that the same kynge 
woulde abyde hym battayll at the daye prefixed, where- 
of the sayde earle was righte ioyous, and muche pray- 
sed the honourable agrement of the sayde royall kynge, 
and esteemed the same to procede of an hygh and no- 
ble courage, promysynge the haraulde, that he, and 
good surety wyth hym, shoulde be bounde in ten thou- 
sande pounde sterlynge, too kepe the sayde daye ap- 
poynted, so that the kyng woulde fynde an earle of 
his, and thereto a good suerty with him to be bounde 
in lyke summe, for the performans of the same : And 
farthermore, the earle bad the herauide for to saye to 
his maister, that yf he for his parte kept not hys ap- 
poyntmente, then he was content, that the Scottes 
shoulde baffull hym, whiche is a great reproche a- 



340 APPENDIX. 

monge the Scottes, and is vsed when a man is openly 
periured, and then they make of hym an image paynt- 
ed reuersed, with hys he'es vpwarde, with hys name, 
wonderynge, cryenge, and blowinge out of hym with 
homes, in the moost dispitefull maner they can ; in 
token that he is worthy to be exiled the compaignie 
of all good creatures. 

Then Hay deliuered too the earle a littell cedule, 
wrytten with the kynge's secretaries hande vnsigned, 
the tenor whereof foloweth. 

" As to the causes alleged of our commynge into 
Englande agayne oure bande and promise (as is alle- 
ged) thereto, we aunswere, ower brother was bounde 
also farre Lo us as we to hym. And when we sware 
laste before his ambassade, in presence of our coun- 
sayll, we expressed specially in oure othe, that we 
shoulde kept to our brother, yf oure brother kepte to 
vs, and not elles ; we sweare oure brother brake fyrste 
to vs, and sythe his breke, we haue requyred dyuerse 
tymes hym too amend ; and lately we warned oure 
brother as he dyd not vs or he brake, and thys we 
take for oure quarrell; and with Godde's grace shall 
defende the same at youre affixed tyme, whyche with 
Godde's grace we shall abyde." 



APPENDIX. 341 

And for asmuche as the sayde kynge kepte sty 11 
Rouge Crosse with hym, who was not yet returned, 
the same Earle caused the sayde Hay to be in the 
kepynge of Syr Humfrey Lysle and Yorke Heraulde, 
in the same vyllage, vntyll the tyme that a seruaunte 
of the sayde Hay myghte ryde in all haste too the royal 
king of Scottes, for the deliveryng of the sayde Rouge 
Crosse. Then the erle, joyous of the kynges answer, 
returned to his campe, and set forward fyue mylc, too 
a place called Woller Hawgh, in suche order of bat- 
tayll as even then he should have fought, and there 
lodged for that nighte, three littell myles from the 
kynge of Scottes ; and betwene the kynge and hym 
was a goodly and large corn felde, called Mylfelde, 
whyche was a conuenient and fayre grounde for twoo 
hostes to fight on ; there euery poste myght perceyue 
other. 

The morowe t>eynge Wednesdaye, the vii day of that 
moneth, the kynge of Scottes caused hys greate ordi- 
naunce to be shotte at the Englishe armye, but it 
hurte neither man nor beaste. When the kynge of 
Scottes sawe that Hay was deteyned, he sent away 
Rouge Crosse to the erle, by whome, and other of the 
borders, he was aduertised, that the kynge laye vppon 



342 APPENDIX. 

the syde of a hyghe mountayne, called Floddon, on 
the edge of Chevyot, where was but one narowe felde 
for any manne to ascende up the sayde hyll to hym ; 
and at the foote of the hyll laye all his ordinaunce. 
On the one syde of hys armye was a greate marrishe, 
and compassed with the hylles of Chevyot, so that he 
lay too stronge to be approched of any syde ; excepte 
the Englishemen woulde have temerariouslye ronne on 
his ordinaunce ; whiche matter well considered by the 
Earle and hys sonne, and other of the counsaill there, 
they called to theim Rouge Crosse, and sent hym the 
nexte daye to the kynge of Scottes, willinge hym too 
shewe the kynge, that the sayde Earle, with diverse of 
the kynge's nobles and subjectes, hadde auaunced 
themselves to geve battayll to hys grace, trustynge 
that, accordinge too his promise, he wpulde auance 
hymself and hys armye to ioyne the battayll, whyche 
as yet he hath not done. Wherefore he desyred the 
kynge that he myghte have knowledge by none that 
daye, whether he of hys noble courage would discende 
the hill where he laye, and too geve battayll or not : 
and yf he saye that I shall not knowe his entent, or wyli 
saye that he will kepe the ground ; then shewe him that 
he perceyueth well that that place is no indifferent 



APPENDIX. 343 

grounde for twoo armyes too fighte, and therefor I 
will looke for no mo of his delayes. The same day, 
beynge oure Ladyeday, the Natiuite, Rouge Crosse de- 
parted to the kynge of Scottes, whyche woulde not 
heare hym speke, but sente one of hys seruitours to 
heare his message ; whiche seruitour, after he hadde 
disclosed the same to the kynge, made aunswer, that 
it besemed not an earle after that maner to handle a 
kynge, and that he woulde vse no sorcery, nor had no 
truste of any grounde. 

You have harde before, howe Hay the Scottishe he- 
raulde was returned for Rouge Crosse ; and as sone as 
Rouge Crosse was returned he was discharged ; but 
he taryed with Yorke, an Englishe heraulde, makyng 
good chere, and was not returned that mornynge that 
Rouge Crosse came on his message j wherefore Rouge 
Crosse and hys trompet were detayned by the seruante 
of Hay, whiche the daye before went for Rouge Crosse, 
assurynge them, that yf Haye came not home before 
none, that he was not liuynge, and then they shoulde 
haue their heddes stryken of ; then Rouge Crosse of- 
fered that hys seruaunte shoulde goe for Hay, but it 
woulde not be excepted ; but as happe was, Hay came 
home before none, and shewed of his gentell entertey- 



344 APPENDIX. 

ninge, and then Rouge Crosse was delivered, and came 
to the Englishe armye, and made reporte as you have 
hearde. 

Then the Englishemen removed their felde on the 
water of Tyll, and so forthe over many hylles and 
streytes, marchynge towarde the Scottes on another 
syde : and in their sight the Scottes burned certayne 
poore vyllages on the other syde of the marishe. 

The Englishemen, alwayes leavinge the Scottishe 
armye on the left hande, toke their felde vnder a wood 
syde, called Barmer Wood, two myle from the Scottes, 
and betwene the two armyes was the ryver of Tyll ; 
and there was a littell hyll that saved the Englishe- 
men from the gonne shotte, on which hyll the lord 
admyrall perfightly sawe and discouered them all. 

In the euenynge of the same daye, it was concluded 
betwene the earle and hys counsayll, and moste parte 
of the armye thereto agreed, that the vauntgarde, with 
the ordinaunce, should passe ouer agayne the water of 
Tyll, at a bridge called Twysell-bridge, the ix daye of 
September ; and the rerewarde passed at Mylforde, 
puttynge themselfes as nye as they coulde betwene the 
Scottes and Scotlande, and so to geue battayll to the 
Scottes on the hyll called Floddon-hyll. Fridaye, the 



APPENDIX. 345 

sayde nynth daye, the lorde Admyrall, like a vali- 
aunt knyghte, passed ouer Twysell bridge wyth the 
vantgarde, marchynge towarde hys enemyes ; like di- 
ligence was made by the earle for passynge over at 
Mylforde wyth the rerewarde, saiynge to hys Captaines, 
" Now good fellowes, do lyke Englishemen this daye, 
take my parte lyke men, which parte is the kynges 
parte ; and I wiste you would not, I wyll in my awne 
person fighte with the kynge of Scottes, rather to dye 
honourablye by his crueltye, then to lyue in shame, 
or that any reproche shoulde be layed to me here- 
after/' 

To whome they aunswered, that they woulde serve 
the kynge and him truely that daye. The Englishe 
armye that daye hadde not vitayle, and were fastynge, 
and two dayes afore they had onely dronke water, and 
could scarce get anye other sustenaunce for money ; 
and yet they kept array on horsebacke from fyve of 
the clocke in the mornynge till foure of the clocke at 
after none, and were alwayes in the sighte of the 
Scottes. 

The kynge of Scottes perceyuinge the Englishe- 
men marchinge towarde Scotlande, thought that they 
woulde have entered into Scotlande, and burne and 



316 APPENDIX. 

forray the plentifull countray, called the Marche ; for 
so was he made beleue by an Englisheman, named 
Gyles Musgraue, whyche was familiar with the kyng 
of Scottes, and dyd it for a pollecie to cause hym to 
come doune from the hyll. Wherefore, the sayde 
kynge caused his tentes to be removed to another hyll 
in grate haste, least the Englishemen shoulde have 
taken the same hyll ; and at there departynge they 
sette fyer on theyr litter and other fylthie ordure, ac- 
cordynge to their custome ; and of the fyer and smol- 
der dyd ryse suche a smoke, so thicke and so darke, 
that the one hoste coulde not perceyue the other ; for 
the w}^nde dyd drive the smoke betwene the two ar- 
myes, the Scottes euer kepynge the heyght of the hyll 
on the edge of the Chevyot, and the Englishemen pas- 
sed forward styll in the lowe grounde, and euer in the 
couert of the smoke, in so muche that bothe the hostes 
were very nere together, within the space of a quarter 
of a myle, before one of them could perceyue another 
for the smoke. * Then, when the Englishemen had 



* Hollinshed attributes this manoeuvre to the generalship of 
James ; who, having determined to descend from his impreg- 
nable camp on the mountain of Floddon, and give battle to 



APPENDIX. 347 

passed a littell brooke, called Sandyforde, whyche is 
but a man's step over, and that the smoke was passed, 
and the ayre faire and cleare, eche army myghte 
playnlie see one another at hande, Then the Lorde 
Admyrall perceyued foure great battayles of the 
Scottes all on foote, with longe speres, lyke Moorish 
pykes ; whyche Scottes furnished them warlike, and 
bent theim to the forwarde, whyche was conducted by 
the Lorde Admirall, whyche perceuynge that, sent to 
hys father, the Earle of Surrey, his Agnus Dei, that 
honge at hys breste, that in all haste he would ioyne 
battayll, even with the front or breste of the vant- 
garde ; for the forward alone was not able to en* 
countre the whole battayll of the Scottes. The Earle 
perceyuynge well the sainge of hys sonne, and seynge 
the Scottes ready to discende the hyll, auaunsed him- 
selfe and hys people forwarde, and brought them 
equall in grounde with the forward on the left hande, 
even at the bront or breste of the same, at the foot 



the Earl, obtained, under covert of the smoke, possession of an 
advantageous eminence, which the Earl seemed desirous to 
occupy. It was probably the same hill from which Lenox and 
Argyle were dislodged by Sir Edward Stanley, 



348 APPENDIX. 

of the hyll called Bramston; the Englishe army 
stretched east and west, and their backes northe, and 
the Scottes in the southe before theira, on the forsayde 
hyll called Bramston. f 

Then oute brast the ordinaunce on bothe sydes, 
with fyre flamrae and hydeous noyse ; and the master 
gonner of the Englishe parte slew the master-gonner 
of Scotlande, and bet all hys men from their ordi- 



t The English army, while on the march, formed two large 
bsdies, the forward and the rear, commanded by the lord ad- 
miral and his father. Each division had two wings, viz. the 
Lord Admiral, on his right Sir Edmond Howard, and on his 
left Sir Marmaduke Constable ; the Earl of Surrey, on the 
right Lord Dacres, and on the left Sir Edward Stanley. The 
attack seems to have been led on in the same order; though 
after the Lord Admiral requested his father's aid, the rear ad- 
vanced, and left the forward under the Lord Admiral to the 
right. Lord Dacres, however, kept his situation, which, du- 
ring the march, was immediately behind Sir Edmond How- 
ard ; whence he, and, under his orders, Bastard Hearon, were 
enabled to relieve Sir Edmond, when discomfited by Home. 
We are not so clear where Sir Marmaduke Constable fought, 
and whether his corps was joined to that of the admiral, or of 
Sir Edward Stanley. The former is more probable : though as 
his body formed, during the march, as it were the van of Sir 
Edward, the latter supposition is by no means impossible. It 
was principally this difference between the order of marching 
and that of the battle, which has confused the historians so 
much. 



APPENDIX. 349 

naunce, so that the Scottishe ordinaunce dyd no 
harme too the Englishemen ; but the Englishemen's 
artyllerie shotte into the myddes of the kynges bat- 
tayll, and slewe many persones ; which seynge, the 
kynge of Scottes and his noble men, T. made the more 
haste too come too joynenge ; and so all the foure 
battayles in maner discended the hyll at once. And 
after that the shotte was done, whiche they defended 
with pauishes, thei came to handestrokes, and were 
encontred seuerally, as 'you shall here. 



J After introducing a speech of James to his army, Hollin- 
shed proceeds with more spirit than his brother chronicler: 
" He had scarce made an end of his tale, but the soldiers, 
with great noise and clamour, cried, ' Forward! Upon them!' 
shaking their weapons, in sign of an earnest desire they had 
(as then they shewed), to buckle with the Englishmen. 
Whereupon, without delaie, King James putting his horse 
from him, all other nobles as meane men did the like, that the 
danger being equal, as well to the greatest as to the meanest, 
and all hope of succour taken awaie, which was to be loked 
for by flight, they might be the more willing to shew their 
manhood, sith their safety onelie rested in the edges and points 
of their weapons." King James, defective in many of the 
qualifications which constitute a complete general, seems to 
have had the talent of inspiring the soldiers around him with 
an enthusiasm not exceeded by his own. Could he have im- 
parted the same to the wings of his army, the slaughter would 
have been greater, but the event far less fatal to the Scottish 
cause. 



350 APPENDIX. 

Fyrste, On the Englishe syde next the west, was 
Syr Edmonde Howard, knyghte, marshall of the hoste, 
chief capitayne of a winge on the ryghte hande of 
oure vantgarde, and was encountryd with the Cham- 
berlayne of Scotlande with hys battayle of speares, on 
foote, to the number of ten thousande at the leaste, 
whiche fought valiauntly, so that they by force caused 
the little wynge to flye ; and the same Syr Edmonde 
thre tymes felled to the grounde, and left alone, 
sauynge his standarde berar, and twoo of hys ser- 
uantes, * to whome came Jhon Heron, bastarde, sore 
hurte, saiyinge, there was never noble man's sone so 
lyke too be loste as you be thys daye ; for all my 



* The defeat of Sir Edmond Howard seems to have been 
complete, though he certainly was attacked by a force supe- 
rior to his own. Indeed, his corps seems to have been entire- 
ly destroyed or taken prisoners. His misfortune was attribu- 
ted, probably with injustice, caused by the great jealousy 
between the houses of Stanley and Howard ever since the 
battle of Bosworth, to the Cheshiremen under his command ; 
as appears by the following passage of Halle : — " The kynge 
had a secrete letter, that the Cheshire men fledde from Sir 
Edmond Howarde, whyche letter caused greate hearteburn- 
ing and manye woordes ; but the kyng thankefully accepted 
al thynge, and would no man to be dispraysed." See also the 
ensuing article of this Appendix, where the circumstance is 
related with very romantic, and probably unfounded embel- 
lishments. 



APPENDIX. S51 

hurts, I shal here lyue and dye with you} and there 
the sayde Sir Edmonde Howarde was in a great daun- 
ger and jeopardy of his lyfe, and hardelye escaped ; 
and yet as he was goinge to the bodye of the vant- 
garde, he met with Davy Home, and slew him wyth 
hys awne hande, and so came to the vantgard. 

Secondely, Eastwarde from the sayde battayle was 
the Lorde Admyrall with the vantgarde, wyth whome 
encountred the Earles of Crafforde and Montroos, ac- 
compaygned with many lordes, knightes, and gentle- 
men, all wyth speres on foote ; but the Lorde Admy- 
rall and hys compaignie acquyted themselfes so well, 
and that with pure iightyng, that thei brought to 
grounde a great number, and both the Earles slayne. 

Thirdely, Eastwarde from the Lord Admyrall was 
the Earle of Surrey, Capitayne-generall, to whose 
standarde the Kynge of Scotlande in hys owne person 
marched, beinge accompaygned with many bishoppes, 
earles, barons, knyghtes, and gentlemen of therealme, 
with a great number of commons, all chosen men, 
with speres on foote, whiche were the most assuredly- 
est harnesed that hath bene sene, and that the tallest 
and goodlyest personages with all, and they abode the 
most daungerous shot of arrowes, which sore them 
noyed; and yet, except it hit them in some bare 



35S APPENDIX. 

place, it dyd them no hurt. After the shotte ended, 
the battayll was cruell, none spared other ; and the 
kynge himself foughte valiauntly. O what a noble 
and triumphant courage was thys, for a kynge to 
fyghte in a battayl as a meane souldier ! But what 
auayled his strong harnes, the puyssaunce of hys 
mightye champions, with whome he descended the 
hyll, in whome he so muche trusted, that with hys 
stronge people and great number of men, he was able, 
as he thought, to have vanquished that day the great- 
est prynce of the world, if he had ben there as the 
Erie of Surrey was ; or els he thought to do such an 
hygh enterprice hymselfe in his person, that shoulde 
surmount the enterprises of all other princes. But, 
howsoeuer it happened, God gave the stroke, and he 
was no more regarded then a poore souldier ; for al 
went one waye. So that of his owne battaill none 
escaped, but Syr William Scot, knyght, his chaun- 
celour, and Syr Jhon Forman, knight, his seriaunt 
porter, whiche were taken prisoners, and wyth great 
difficultie saved. This may be a great myrror to al 
prynces, how that they adventure themselfes in such 
a battaill. * 

* " There were on either part a number of tall men of 
bodie, chosen foorth of purpose by the capteins, for the good 



APPENDIX. 353 



Fourthly, Eastwarde was Syr Edwarde Stanley, 
knight, capitayn of the left wynge, wyth the sayde 
earle, whyche clame vp to the toppe of the hyll cal- 
led Bramston, or the Scottes wyste, and wyth hym 



opinion conceived of their hardie valiancie ; and the battell 
betwixt them seemed long time doubtfull and variable, nowe 
one while favourable to the one part, and another while to 
the other. The king himselfe on foot, even in the foremost 
ranke, fought right valiantlie, incouraging his people, as well 
by example as exhortation, to doo their devoirs. Neither 
did the Earle of Surrie for his part faile in the dutie of a right 
worthie generall. But while the battell was thus foughten in 
most earnest maner about the standards, with doubtfull chance 
of victorie, the Lord Howard and Sir Edward Stanleie having 
vanquished the enimies in either wing, returned to the middle- 
ward ; and finding them ther thus occupied, they set on, in 
two parts seuerallie, with great violence. At the same time, 
the Lord Dacres came with his horsemen uppon the backs of 
the Scots ; so that they being thus assailed behind and before, 
and on either side, were constrained (as inuironed about), to 
fight in a round compasse. King James, as he beheld Sir 
Adam Forman, his standard-bearer, beaten downe, thought 
suerlie then, there was no waie for him but death, and that 
even out of hand. Wherefore, to deliuer himselfe from such 
despitefull reproch as was like to follow, he rushed foorth 
into the thickest prease of his enemies ; and there fighting in 
most desperate wise, was beaten downe and slaine. And a 
little beside him, there died with like obstinate wilfulness, or 
(if you list so to term it) manhood, diuerse honorable prelates, 
as the archbishop of St Andrewes, and two other bishops, be- 
sides foure abbats ; also of lords and knights bf honor a six- 
and-thirtie." — Hollinshed. Though the account of this 
Z 



354 APPENDIX. 

encontred the Earles of Huntley, Lennoux, and Ar- 
gile, with a great number of Scottes, whyche were 
sore fought wyth all ; whyche perceyuing, the Earle 
of Huntley toke a horse and saued hymselfe ; yf he 
had taryed, he had bene lykely to have gone with hys 



historian is not so minute as that of Halle, he bears much 
more ample testimony to the valour of the Scots. While we 
view with detestation the precipitate flight of the wings under 
Crawford and Montrose, and Lenox and Argyle, the two lat- 
ter of whom occupied an eminence, upon which the king in a 
great measure depended, but from which they were driven by 
the archers of Stanley, who cannot have been very numerous; 
we must bestow our admiration on the valiant king and his 
nobles, who, hemmed in on every side by all the five columns of 
the English, preferred a heroic death to the insulting taunts of 
Henry VIII. and his general. The following is the Gazette 
account of this part of the battle : — " Le Roy d'Escosse vint, 
avec une tresgrant puissance, sur le dConte de Surrey : lequel 
CoMe avoit a sa main gauche le filz du sr. Darcy, et eulx 
deulx porterent tout le fes de ceste bataille. A laquelle ba- 
taille le d'Roy d'Escosse fut tue dedens la longueur d'une 
lance du d. Conte de Surrey ; et plusieurs nobles gens y fu- 
rent tuez, et nuls prins prisonniers des Escossois dedens les 
deux batailles. fct a 1'heure de la bataille le Contes de Ly- 
nouxe et Argille, avec leur puissance se joignierent a rencon- 
tre de messire Edouard Standley, et les d'Contes et leurs gens, 
furent contrainctz deulx metre en fuyte." It was probably 
the death of Crawford, Montrose, Lennox, and Argyle, which 
caused the flight of their two wings; while those of Huntley 
and Home seem to have been retained in some order* by these 
chiefs surviving the shock. 



APPENDIX. 355 

compaignie. * Suche as fled, the sayde Syr Edwarde 
and his people folowed them over the same grounde, 
where the Earles battle firste ioyned, and founde ther 



* The situation and conduct of the Earl of Huntley is 
singularly involved in mystery and contradiction. By some, 
he is said to have commanded a corps, placed between those 
of Home, and of Crawford and Argyle; some join his forces 
to those of the former, and some to the latter division ; while 
Halle and Hollinshed place him with the opposite wing of the 
army. The former supposition is most probably true. In- 
deed, the mention of Dacre's attack upon Huntley and Home 
in his letter to the council, places it almost beyond doubt. It' 
is, however, singular, that the banner of the Earl was taken 
by Sir Philip Molyneux,a Cheshire knight. The greater part 
of the forces of that county were with Stanley ; though a few 
hundred had been added to Sir Edmond Howard's wing, who 
were accused, in letters to Henry VIII. of deserting their 
commander, and causing his overthrow. At any rate, they 
would not be likely to take the standard of Huntley, who was 
evidently victorious, while he fought on the left wing. The 
contradictions will, however, immediately be solved, by ad- 
mitting the following very probable supposition : — King 
James, after the wings of his army were destroyed, was sur- 
rounded and attacked by all the different corps of the English 
army. Stanley having routed Lennox and Argyle, descended 
the hill, and attacked the king, probably from behind. If 
Huntley, after his triumph, as tHtscottie relates, stood aloof 
with Home, and, seeing his monarch in such a perilous situa- 
tion, after the highly criminal refusal of the former to assist 
him, again charged the English, he was not unlikely to en- 
counter Sir Edward Stanley ; and thus the contradictory ac- 
counts of Pitscottie and Halle, and the taking of his standard 
by a knight of Stanley's corps, would be accounted for, 



355 APPENDIX. 

the Scottes, whyche were by the earles battaill slayne 
before, and sodainly left the chace, and fell a spell- 
ing, and spoyled the kynge of Scottes, and many that 
were slayne in his battaill, but they knew him not, 
and founde a crosse and certain thynges of hys ; by 
reason wherof, some saide that he was slayne by that 
wyng, whyche coulde not be true ; for the prisoners 
of Scotland testified, that the kynges battayll fought 
onely with the Earles battels ; but for a truthe this 
wyng dyd very yaliauntly ; wherfore it was thought 
that the sayd Syr Edwarde myght that day not have 
bene missed. 

All these iiij battels, in maner fought at one tyme, 
and were determined in effect, littell in distance of the 
beginnyng and endynge of any of them before the 
other, sauyng that Syr Edward Stanley, which was 
the last that fought, for he came vp to the toppe of 
the hyll, and there foughte with the Scottes valiaunt- 
ly, and chaced them doune the hyll ouer that place 
where the kynges battaill ioyned. Besyde these iiij 
battayles of the Scottes were twoo other battaylls, 
whyche never came to handestrokes. * 

* These two battles were, as Hollinshed informs us, Hunt- 
ley's and Home's divisions ; Halle, in this circumstance, as 



APPENDIX. 357 

Thus, through the power of God, on Fridaye, beyng 
the ix daye of September, in the yere of our Lord 
MDxiii, was James the iiii. Kyng of Scottes, slayn at 
Bramstone (chiefly by the power of the Earle ot Surrey, 
lieutenaunt for Kynge Henry the viii. Kynge of Eng- 
lande, whyche then lay at the sege before Tornay), 
and wyth the sayde kynge were slayne, 

The Archebishop of Saynct Androwes, the kynge's 
bastard sonne, 

The Bishop of the Isles, 

The Abbot of Inchaffrey, 

The Abbot of Kilwenny. 

Erles. 
Therle Mountroos, 



well as in his assumption that the different divisions fought al- 
most at one time, except that of Stanley, is misled by his strong- 
ly marked partiality. The king was certainly the last whose 
division kept ground, if we except Home and Huntley. The 
forces of the latter were commanded under him by his two 
brothers, Adam, Earl of Sutherland, and William Gordon of 
Gight, the latter of whom was killed. (See Gordon's His- 
tory of the Ancient, Noble, and Illustrious Family of Gordon, 
2 vol. Edin. 1726. Gordoniorum et Sntherlandorum Historia, 
MS, 4. circa 1627.) 



358 APPENDIX. 

Therle of Crafford, 

Therle of Arguyle, * 

Therle of Lennoux, 

Therle of Glencarre, 

Therle of Katnes, 

Therle of Castelles, 

The Erie of Bothwell, 

The Erie Arrell, Constable of Scotlande, 

The Erie Adill, 

The Erie Athell, 

The Erie of Morton. 

LORDES. 

The Lord Louet, 
The Lord Forbos, 
The Lord Elueston, 
The Lord Roos, 



* In 1783, a gold ring was found on the field of battle, 
which had the following inscription in Norman French: — 
" On est nul si loianls amans, qui se poet garder des maux 
disans " No lovers so faithful as to be able to guard them- 
selves against evil speakers. Between every two words, and 
at the beginning of each line, is a boar's head. This being a 
crest of the Campbells, it is not improbable that the ring was 
that of the Earl of Argyle. 



APPENDIX. 359 

The Lord Inderby, 

The Lord Sentclere, 

The Lord Maxwell, and hys iiij brethren. 

The Lord Daunley, 

The Lord Seympill, 

The Lord Borthyck, 

The Lord Bogony, 

The Lord Arskyll, 

The Lord Blakkater, 

The Lord Cowyn. 

Knyghtes and Gentlemen. 

Sir Jhon Dowglasse, 
Cutbert Home, lord of Fastcastel, 
Sir Alexander Seton, 
Sir Dauy Home, 
Mayster Jhon Graunt, 
Sir Dunkin Caufelde, 
Sir Saunder Lowder, 
Sir George Lowder, 
Mayster Marshall, 
Mayster Keye, 
Mayster Eilot, 
Mayster Cawel, clerck of the Chauncery, 



360 APPENDIX. 

The Deane of Ellester, 

Mack, Kene, 

Mack, Clene, 
And many other gentlemen, which be vnknowen, be- 
cause no officer of armes of Scotlande woulde come to 
make serche for them ; and yf the daye had bene 
longer by thre houres (for it was foure of the clocke 
at after none or the battayles ioyned), or that the 
Englishemen had had vitayles, so that they myght 
have bydden styll together, they had not alonelye 
made the greatest dystresse of Scottes by death, and 
takynge, that the lyke hath not bene sene in one day ; 
but also wythin a litle while might have put the 
realme of Scotlande in suche a misery and trouble, 
that for ever they shoulde haue bene ware how to en- 
ter the realme of Englande, and specially the kynge's 
beynge absente ; for the Englyshemen wanted no good 
wyll, for of the Scottes they si ewe twelfe thousande * 
at the leaste, of the beste gentlemen and flower of 
Scotlande ; and of the Englysh syde were slayne and 



* Hollinshed seems more inclined to the number 8000, 
though he mentions the statement of some to be 12,000. 



APPENDIX. 364 

taken not xv. c. men, as it appered by the bok of 
wages, when the souldiours were payed. * Thus, the 
Erie of Surrey accomplyshed the promyse at hys 
daye prefyxed wyth the kinge of Scottes, to hys great 
fame and honour. 

After that the felde was foughte, and the Scottes 
fled, many Englyshemen folowed them into Scotlande, 
and were so farre that they wiste not whiche waye to 
returne, and so were taken prysoners of the Scottes 
that were in the ij battailes that fled first, and neuer 
fought. Also dyuerse were taken by the Lorde Cham- 
berlayne of Scotlande, which fought with the wyng of 
Sir Edmond Howard, and were carried with hym to 
the nomber of sixtye. Of the Scottes that fledde, some 



* Though Hollinshed gives the same number of killed on 
the side of the English, which certainly is far below truth, 
he allows the loss to have been very severe. The following 
are his words: — "Though the victorie thus remained with 
the Englishmen, yet they bought it deere, loosing no small 
number of their people, as well those that were slaine in the 
field, as of others that were taken prisoners ; for the Scots 
fought very stoutlie, and gave it not over for a little, inso- 
much that there were taken and slaine about fiftene hundred 
men, as appeared by the booke of wages, when the so uldiers 
were paid." 



362 APPENDIX. 

passed ouer the Twede at Caudestrerae Foorde, and 
other by the drye marches, durynge the tyme of the 
fyghte ; and the nyghte after, manye menne loste 
their horses, and suche stoffe as they lefte in their 
tentes and pauillions, by the robbers of Tindale and 
Tiviotdale. 

The Lorde Dacre, wyth hys company, stode styl 
all daye unfoughten with all. * When the felde was 
done, and the skoute watche broughte woorde, that 
there was no more appearaunce of the Scottes, but 
all were returned, the earle thanked God wyth humble 
harte, and called to hym certaine Lordes and other 
gentlemen, and them made knightes ; as Sir Edmond 



* This accusation against Dacre, for inactivity, is mention- 
ed as incorrect, by Hollinshed. In the notes to the present 
publication, it will be found disproved completely, both from 
the original gazette of the battle, and from Dacre s letter to 
the council. It is remarkable that three bastards fought un- 
der the iaiglish banners, viz. Bastard Dacre, a natural son of 
Lord Dacre, who, for his services at Collommoss, obtained a 
grant of the priory of Lanercost ; Bastard Musgrave, natural 
son of Sir Itichard Musgrave, of Scaleby Castle, near Carlisle, 
who distinguished himself at the same battle, and was, in con- 
sequence, made land-sergeant of Gilsland ; and the celebrated 
Bastard Heron, an account of whom will be found in the 
notes. 



APPENDIX. 363 

Howard, his sonne, and the Lord Scrope, Sir William 
Percy, and manye other. Then the Earle and the 
Lorde Admirall departed to Barmer-wodde, and ap- 
pointed Sir Philippe Tilney, knighte, with the com- 
paignye of the Lorde Admirall, and the compaignie of 
the Lorde Scrope ol Bolton, the Lorde Latymer, olde 
Sir Marmaduke Constable, Sir William Percy, Sir 
Nicholas Applyard, and their compaignies, and a fewe 
other, to kepe the place where the felde was, for 
sauynge of the Englyshe ordinaunce, and the ordy- 
naunce that was taken from the Scottes, which was 
fyve great curtalles, twoo great culuerynges, foure 
sacres, and syxe Serpentynes, as fayre ordinaunce as 
hathe bene, beside other small peces. * Wei knowen 



* The most disastrous consequence of the battle to the 
Scots, was the sudden loss of such a numerous and high-spirit- 
ed nobility. The loss of the English must have been very 
considerable, when we consider the rapidity with which Sur- 
rey deserted the field of combat ; and, hastening to .Newcastle, 
left the neighbourhood to the depredations of Home, who ap- 
pears even to have threatened the body of the English ap- 
pointed as a guard for the ordnance. If the English general 
had only lost 1500 men, he would certainly have pursued bis 
advantages into Scotland, which the magistrates of Edia- 
frurgh seem to have apprehended. 



364 APPENDIX. 

it was by them that fought, and also reported by pry- 
soners of Scotlande, that their kynge was taken or 
slayne ; but his bodye was not founde tyll the nexte 
daye, because al the meane people, as well Scottes as 
Englysh, were strypped out of their apparell as they 
laye at the felde ; yet at the laste he was founde by 
the Lorde Dacres, who knewe hym well by hys pryuye 
tookens, in that same place where the battayle of the 
Earle of Surrey and hys fyrste ioyned together. 

Thys kynge had diuerse deadelye woundes, and in 
especyall one wyth an arowe, and another with a byll, 
as apered when he was naked. After that the bodye 
of the kinge of Scottes was founde and broughte too 
Barwicke, the Earle shewed it too Sir William Scot, 
hys chaunceller, and Sir Jhon Forman, his seriante- 
porter, whyche knewe hym at the fyrste syghte, and 
made greate lamentacyon. Then was the bodye bow- 
elled, embawmed, and cered, and secretelye amongest 
other stuffe conveyed to Newcastell. But the same 
daye the Lorde Admirall came to the felde, and there 
some Scottes apered on an hyll ; but William Black- 
enall, whyche was the chyeffe doar and ruler of all 
the ordynaunce, shott suche a peale, that the Scottes 
fledde, orelles the Lorde Admirall had bene in greate 



APPENDIX. 365 

ieopardye : and then all the ordinaunce was broughte 
in sauetye to the castel of Citel, and there remayned 
for a tyme. After thys noble vyctorye, the Earle 
wrote fyrste to the Quene, whyche had raysed a great 
power to resiste the sayde kinge of Scottes, of the 
wynnynge of the battaylle ; for then the bodie of the 
kynge of Scottes was not fownde, and she yet beynge 
at the towne of Buckingham, had woorde the next 
daye after, that the kynge of Scottes was slayne, and 
a parte of hys coate-armure to her sente, for whiche 
vyctorye she thanked God ; and so the Earle, after 
that the northe parte was set in a quyetnes, returned 
to the Quene wyth the deade bodye of the Scottyshe 
king, and brought it to Richemonde. 



£ 366 } 



XII. 



A Ballate of the Battalle of Floden Feeld, foughte be- 
twene the Earle of Surrey and the King of Skates. 



Of this very singular ballad, two copies exist in the Bri- 
tish Museum (MSS Harl. 293 and 3< 7,) which have been 
carefully collated, and the principal variations will be 
found at the bottom of the page. The Editor did not ob- 
tain the copy till be was fortunately enabled to transcribe 
the poem himself, which prevented its being placed in the 
poetical part of this Appendix. The subject is slightly 
touched upon by Holinshed, and the style similar to the 
more unpolished kind of Northern Ballads. That the au- 
thor was an adherent to the house of Derby is very evi- 
dent ; and whatever degree of credit may be assigned to the 
less marvellous parts of the composition, the concluding act 
of subjecting the Earl of Surrey (already created Duke of 
Norfolk) to whatever punishment his rival chose to inflict, 
must stagger our belief. From the two concluding lines it 
would appear, that the poem was produced after the death 
of Thomas, Earl of Derby, and in the reigu of Queen IWary 
or Queen Elizabeth. 



Now lette vs talke of the Mounte of Floddene ! 
Forsoothe such is our fortune and chaunce ; 



APPENDIX. 367 

And let vs tell of what tythance the Earle of Surrey 

Sente to our kynge into France. 
The earle he hathe a writynge made, 

And surely sealed it with his hande ; 
From the Newe Castelle vppon Tynne 

The Herould passed from the land. 

And after at Callys he arriued, 

Lyke a noble lorde of greate degree; 1© 

And then to Tyrvvine soon he highed, 

There he thought to have found King Henry. 
But there the walles were beatene doune, 

And our Englishc souldieres thearin tayne ; 
Sithe to Torney the waye he nome, * 

Whearas laye the Emperor of Almayne. 

And theare he found the Prince of Englande; 

Blessed Jesu preserve that name ! 
When the Herold came before our kynge, 

Lowly he kneeled vppon his knee. 20 



* i. c. toke. 



S68 APPENDIX. 

And said : " Christe, Chrystyan kynge, that on the crose 
died, 

Noble Henry this day thy speed may be !" 
The first word that the prince did mynge, 

Sayd : " Welcome Herrold out of England to me ! 

" Howe fares my leedes, * how fares my lordes, 

My knightes and swyers in their degree }" — 
" Here gretteth you welle your owne leavetenanr, 

The honourable Earle of Surrey. 
He byddeth you in Fraunce to venter your chaunce, 

For slayne is your brother Kynge Jamy ; 30 

And at lovlye London ye shall hym fynde, 

My comlye prynce in the presence of thee." 

Then bespeke our comlye kynge, 

And said : " Whoe did fighte, and who did flee ? 
And who bare him beste vppon the Mounte of Flo- 
den ? 35 

And whoe was false, and whoe was true to me ?* 



* Probably lieges. 



13 



APPENDIX. 309 

" Lancashire and Cheshire," said the messenger, 
" Cleane they bene both fledd and gone : 

There was neuer a man, that longed to the Earle of 
Derbye, 
That durste looke his enemye vpon." 40 

Still in a studye stoode* our nowble kynge, 

And he toke the wryting in his hand : 
Shortlye the sealle he did vnclose, 

And radly red as he yt founde. f 
Then bespeake our nowble kynge, 45 

And he caled vpon his chevallrye, 
And said : " Whoe will feche me the kynge of Man, X 

The honourable Thomas Earle of Derbye ? 

" He may take Lancashire and Cheshire bothe, 

That he hath caled cheefe of chevalrye : 50 

Nowe falsly are they fled and gone ; 
Not one of them is true unto me/' 



* MS. Harl. 293. reads stand. 

t MS. 293. toulde. To suit the rhyme we might read, fand. 
£ Alluding to the Earl of Derby's sovereignty over the Isle 
of Man. 

2 A 



370 APPENDIX. 

Then bespoke Sir Rauphe Egerton, the knyghte. 

And low lye kneled vpon his knee, 
And said : " My souereigne Kynge Henrye, $5 

Yf it like you my souereigne lorde to pardon me ! 

" Yf Lancashire and Cheshire been fled and gon, 

Of those tythandes we may be vnfayne ; 
But 1 dare laye my lyve and lande, 

Yt was for wante of their captayne. 60 

For yf the Earle of Derbye our captayne had bene, 

And vs to leade in our arreye, 
Then noe Lancashire nor Cheshire man, 

That ever would have fled awaye." 

" See yt proved well, said our nowble kynge, 6$ 

By hym that dearly dyed on tree ! 
For nowe, when he had the greatest neede, 

Falslye then served they to me." 
Then spake William Breerton, knighte, 

And lowlye kneeled his prynce before, 70 

And said : " My souereigne Kynge Henry the eighte, 

And * your grace sett by vs soe lytill store, 

* And, for an, if. 



APPENDIX. 371 

" Wheresoelier ye come in feilde to feighte, 

Sett the Earle of Derbye and vs before ; 
Then shall ye see, whether we fighte or flee, 75 

True or false whether we be borne." * 
Compton rowned with our kynge anon, 

Said : " Goe we and leave the cowardes righte !"— 
" Here is my gloue !" quoth Egerton, 

" Compton, yf thou be a knighte, SO 

" Take my gloue, and with me feighte, 

Man to man, yf thou wilt turne agayne ! 
For yf our prynce were not present righte, 

The one of vs two shoulde be slayne; 
And neuer foote besyde the ground gon, 85 

Vntyll the one deade shoulde bee \" 
Our prynce was moved thereat anon 

And returned hym right tenyslye. f 

And to hym came, one the other syde, 

The honorable Earle of Derbye ; $0 



* Whether that we are, MS. 293. 

+ Angerly. MS. Harl. 293. Tenyslye, angry, from tene, an- 
ger. 



312 APPENDIX. 

And when he before our prynce came, 

Lowlye he fcneled vpon his knee, 
And said : " Jesu Christ, that on the crosse deed, 

This day nowble Henry thy speede maye be I" 
The firste wurde that our kynge sayde, * 05 

Was, " Welcome kynge of Man, and Earle of Der- 
bye! 

" How lykeste thou Cheshire and Lancashire bothe, 

Which was counted cheefe of chevallrye ? 
Falsly nowe are they fled and gon ; 

Neuer a one of them is true to me !"•— 10Q 

" Yf that be soe," said the earle then, 

" My liege thereof I am not fayne -, 
My comlye prynce, rebuke not me, 

I was not there to be theire captayne. 

" Yf I had bene theire captayne/' the earle said 
then, 105 

" 1 durste haue layed bothe lyffe and land, 
He neuer came out of Lancashire nor Cheshire, 

That would haue fled a foote beside the grounde. 

* Speake. MS. Had. 36?. 



APPENDIX. 213 

" But yf yt like your nowble grace 

A lytill boone to graunte to me, 110 

Lett me haue Lancashire and Cheshire bothe 5 — 
I desyre no more helpe trulye, — 

" Yf I fayle to bren vp all Scotteland, 

■ Take and hange me vpon a tree ! 

I shall conquer all to Parys gate 115 

Both the comlye castylls and towers heigh. 
Whereas the walles they bene so stronge, 

Lancashire and Cheshire shall beate them downe !" — 
" By my father's sowle," then said our kynge, 

" And by hym that dyed on the roode, 120 

" Thou shaltneuer have Lancashire and Cheshire righte, 

At thyne own obedience for to be ! 
Cowards in a feilde fellye* will feighte 

Agayne to wynn the victorye." — 
" We were neuer cowardes," said the earle, 125 

" By him that derlye died for me ! 
Whoe broughte your father at Melforde Haven ? 

(King Henry the Seventh forsothe was he.) 

* Freely. MS. 293. 



374 APPENDIX, 

<s Throughe theturne of Fortune* we did him brynge, 

And soe conveyed hym to Stnewesburye, 130 

And soe we crowned hym a nowble kynge, 

And Richard that day we demed to dye."— - 
Our prynce was greatlye moved at that worde, 

And retvrned hym hastelye on the same. 
To comforte the earle came on the other syde 135 

The doughtye Edward, Duke of Bokingham. 

" Plucke vp thy harte, brother Standley, 

And lett noe thynge greve the ; 
For I dare lay my lyffe to wede, f 

Yt is a false wry ting of the Earle of Surrey. 14® 
Synee Kynge Ry chard-fey lde % he neuer loved thee, 

For thyne vncle slewe his father there, 
And dearly e demed hym to dye : 

Sir Christofer Savage his standarte away did beare." 

" Alias, brother !" said the Earl of Derbye, H5 

" Woe be the tyme, that I was made knyghte, 



* Both the MSS. concur in reading " the Towne of For- 
tune." The correction was, however, obvious. 

+ To weed, to pawn* $ Bosworthfield. 



APPENDIX, 375 

Or were ruler of any land thereby, * 

Or euer had manhoode in feilde to fighte ! 

So boulde men in battell, as were they, 

Forsoothe had neither lorde nor swayne. 150 

Farewell, myne vncle Sir Edward Standley, 
Farewell ! I wote that thou artef slayne. 

" Surlye whiles that thy lyffe would laste, 

Thou wouldest neuer schunte besides the playne ; 
Nor John Standley that childe so yonge, 155 

Well I wott nowe thou arte slayne. 
Farewell, Ryghley ! Coward was thou none ! 

Olde Sir Henrye, the goode knyghte, 
I lefte thee ruler of Lathum, 

To be my Deputye bothe day and nighte. 16*0 

" Farewell Towneley, that was so true, 
And the nowble Hasston of Mydelton, 

And the sad Sothewarke,J that euer was sure, 
Farewell ! I wot that thou arte gon. 



* This last word does not occur in MS. Harl. 293 ; and in 
MS. 367, has been added by another, but an ancient hand. 
f Altered in MS. 367, to thou weart slayne. 
| Sotheworthe. MS. 293. 



376 APPENDIX. 

Farewell, Hasston vnder Lyne, 16$ 

And manlye Mollenax, for thou art slayne ! 

For dowtless whilest your lyves woulde laste, 
Ye wolde neuer schunte beside the playne. 

" Farewell, Alderton, with the leaden mall ! 

Well I knowe thou arte denied to dye. 17© 

I may take my leave no we at you all : 

The flowre of manhoode is gon from me. 
Farewell, Sir John Boothe of Barton, knyghte ! 

Well I knowe that thou arte slayne : 
For, whyles thy lyffe woulde laste to feighte, 175 

Thou would neuer beside the playne. 

u Farewell, Butteler and Sir Bolde ! 

Sure ye have bene euer to me : 
And so I knowe that still you woulde, 

Vnslayne now yl you had bee. 18© 

Farewell, Christofer Savage the wighte ! 

Well I knowe that thou art slayne ; 
For, whyles thy lyffe woulde laste to feighte, 

Thou wouldest neuer beside the playne. 

" Farewell, Dutton and Sir Downe ! 185 

Ye haue bene euer true to me. 



APPENDIX. 3T7 

Farewell the Baron of Kynderton, 

Beside the feilde thou woulde not flee ! 

Farewell, Fitton of Gowsewurthe ! 

Other thou arte taken or slayne : 190 

For, dowteles, whyles thy lyffe woulde laste, 
Thou wouldest neuer besyde the playne \" * — 

As they stoode talkyng together there, 

The duke and the earle trulye 
Came to comforte hym the true Talbott, 195 

And the nowble Earle of Shrewesburye : 
" Plucke vp thy harte, sonne Thomas, and be merye, 

And lette noe tythands greve the! 
Am not I godfather to our kynge ? 

Myne owne godson, forsothe, is hee." 200 

He toke the Duke of Buckingham by the arme, 
And the Earle of Shrewesburye by the other : 



* This, and the ensuing catalogue of exclamations, are very 
similar to those which occur frequently in the metrical ro- 
mances ; and similar enumerations may also be found in abun- 
dance in the Italian romance writers. — See The Squire oflowe 
Degre, PulcVs Morgante Maggiore, &c. 



378 APPENDIX. 

" To parte with you yt is my harme : 

Farewell, my father and my brother ! 
Farewell, Lancaster, that ly till towne ! 205 

Farewell, nowe for euer and aye ! 
Many poore men may praye for my sowlle, 

"When they lye weping in the waye. * 

u Farewell, Latham ! that brighte bower; 

Nyne towers thou bearest on hye, 210 

And other nyne thou bearest in the vtter walles : 

Within the may be lodged kynges three. 
Farewell, Knoweslay, that lityll tower, 

Vndernethe the holtes so whore ! 
Euer when I thinke on that brighte bower, 215 

Wyte me not, + though my heart be sore, 

" Farewell, Tockestaffe ! that trustie parke, 
And the faire rever that renneth there beside : 

There was I wonte to chasse the hynde and harte, 
Now therein I wyll neuer abyde. 220 



* MS. 36T, reads, lawn; MS. 293, lane. The correction is 
obvious, as it restores the rhyme and the alliteration. 
+ Blame me not. 



APPENDIX. 31Q 

Farewell, bolde Byrkenhead ! there was I borne, 
Within the abbey and that monestrye ; 

The sweete covent for me may morne : 
I gaue to you tythe of Beeston trulye. 

" Farewell, Westchester, for euer more, 225 

And the Watergate, it is myne owne ! 
I gave a mase the sergeant to weare, 

To wayt on the mayor, as yt is knowen. 
Wyll I neuer come that cy te within ? 

But, sonne Edward, thou maiest yt clayme of righte. 
Farewell, West Harden ! I may call the myn ; 231 

Knyght and lorde I was of great myghte. 

" Swete sonne Edward, white bokes thou make, 

And euer haue petye on the poore comyntye. 
Farewell, Hope and Hopes Dalle ! 235 

Moulde and Mouldes Dale, God be with the ! 
I may take my leaue with a heavye cheare : 

For within the wyll I neuer be !"■— 
As they stood talking togeder there, 

The duke and the lordis trulye, 240 



380 APPENDIX. 

Came James Garsye, a yeoman of the gard, 

That had bene broughte vp with the Earl of Derbye. 
Lyke the dy veil with his fellowes he had fared ; 

He sticked two and wounded three : 
After, with his sworde drawen in his hande, 245 

He fled to the nowble Earle of Derbye. 
" Stande vp Jame," the earle said, 

" Theis tythandes nothyng lyketh me ! 

" I haue seen the daye I could have saved the ; 

Suche thirtie men yf thou had slayne ; 250 

And now, yf I shoulde speake for the, 

Sure thou were for to be slayne. 
I wyll ones desire my brethren echon 

That they will now speake for the/' — 
He prayed the Duke of Buckingham, 255 

And also the Earle of Schrowesburye, 

Also my Lord Fitzwater, soe wyse, 

And the good Lord Wyllabee, 
Sir Ryse ap Thomas, a knyghte of pryce, 

And all they spake for longe Jame. 26© 

They had nott standen but a lytyll whyle there, 

The duke and the earles in their talking ; 



APPENDIX. 381 

Streighte to the earle came a messenger, 
That came lately from the kynge ; 

And bad that Long Jame shoulde be sende ; 26*5 

There shoulde nether be grythe nor grace : 
But on a boughe he shoulde hanged 

In mydest the feylde before the earle's face. 
" Yf that be/' said the Earle of Derbye, 

" I trust our prynce wyll better bee, 270 

(Suche tythandes maketh my herte fullheavye,) 

AfFore his grace when that we be." 

The Duke of Buckingham toke Jame by the on arme, 

And the Earle of Shrewesburye by the other; 
AfFore them they put the kynge of Man, 275 

It was the Earle of Derbye and non other : 
The Lord Fitzwater he followed faste, 

And so did the Lord Wyllabye; 
The comfortable Cobham made greate haste : 

All went with the nowble Earle of Derbye. 280 

The Hynde Hassal hied on faste, 

With the lustye Lealand trulye ; 
Soe did Alexander Osboston 

Gome in with the Earle of Derbye, 



382 APPENDIX. 

The ryall Ratcliffe that rude was neuer, 285 

And the trustye Trafforde kene to trye, 

And wighte Warberton out of Chesshire, 
All came with the Earl of Derbye. 

Sir Ryse ap Thomas, a knyghte of Walles, 

Came forthe even with a feirce meny : * 29$ 

He bend his bowes on the bent to abyde, 

And cleane vnsett the gallowes-tree. 
When as they came afFore the kynge, 

Lowlye they knelyd vpon their knees. 
The fyrste wurdes that our prynce did mynge 295 

Said, " Welcome dukes and earles unto me ! 

M But the most welcome hither of all, 

Is oure owne traytour Longe Jame ! 
Jame, howe dafest thou be soe boulde 

As in our presence for to bee, 300 

To slay thy brethren within their houlde 

Thou waste sworne to them, and they to thee."— 
Then began Longe Jame to speake boulde, 

" My leige, yf it like your grace to pardon me. 



Company. 



APPENDIX. 383 

" When I was to my sopper sett 305 

They caled me coward to my face, 
And of their talkyng they would not lett ; 

And thus with them vpbrayded that I was, 
They bad me flee from them apace 

To that coward the Earle of Derbye. 310 

When I was lytell, and had small grace, 

Hee was my helpe and succaire trulye ! 

u Hee toke me from my father deare, 

And keeped me within his wone, * 
Tyll I was able of my selfe 315 

Bothe to shoot and picke a stone : 
Then after vnder Greenwiche, vpon a daye, 

A Scottishe Mynstrell came to the, 
And broughte a bowe of vewef to drawe, 

And all the guarde myght not stirre that tree. 320 

" Then the bowe was gyven to the Earl of Derbye, 

And the earle deliuered it to me; 
Seven shottes before your face I shotte, 

And at the eighte in sunder it did flie. 

* Dwelling. f Yew. 



3$* APPENDIX. 

Then I bad the Scott bowe downe his face, 325 

And gedere vp the bowe, and brynge it to his kynge : 

Then yt lyked your novvble grace 
Into your guarde me to brynge. 

" Sy then I haue lyved a merye lyffe, 

I thanke your grace and the Earle of Derbye. 330 
But to haue the earle rebuked thus, 

That my bringer-vp forsothe was hee, 
I had leaver suffer deathe," he said, 

" Then be false to the earle that was true to me !" — 
" Stand up Jame," said our kynge, 335 

" Have here my charter I gyve it thee. 

" Let me have no more feighting of thee, 

Whyles thou arte within Fraunce lande !" — 
u Then one thinge ye must grante," said Jame, 

" That your wurde theron may stand, 34Q 

Whoesoe rebuketh Lancashire and Chesshire, 

Shortelye shall be denied to dye/'—- 
Our prynce comaunded a crye, I wys, 

To be proclaymed hastelye. — 

" Yf the dukes and earles knele on their knees, 345 

Yt settethe on sterre the Comynalite, 
12 



APPENDIX. 385 

Yf that we be vpbrayded thus 

Mony a man is lyke to dye." — * 
The kynge said, " He that rebuketh Lancashire or 
Cheshire, 

He shall haue his j udgment on the next tree !" 350 
Then soe they were styll at reste 

For the space of a nyghte, as I wene. 

And on the other day, without leassing, 

There came a messenger from the queene ; 
And when he came before our kynge, 355 

Lowlye he kneled vpon his knee, 
An;d said : " Christe the save our novvble prynce, 

This our nowble kynge thy speede may bee ! 
Here gretteth you well your lyfFe and liking, f 

Your honourable queene and faire ladye ; S60 

" And bydeth you in Fraunce for to be glad, 
For slayne is youre brother-in-law Kynge Jame ; 



* These four lines seem to belong to Jamy's speech, and 
have probably changed place with the preceding four, 
t Spouse. MS. Harl. 293. 

2 B 



336 APPENDIX. 

And at lovelye London he shall be founde, 
My comlye prynce in the presence of thee !" 

Then bespoke our comly prynce, 365 

And said ; " Whoe did feighte, and who did flee ? 

And who bare them beste vpon the Mounte of Floden ? 
And whoe were false, and who were true to me ?'■-- r 

" Lancashire and Chesshire," said the messenger, 

tl They haue done the deede with their hande. 370 
Had not the Earle of Derbye bene to the true, 

In great aduenture had bene all England !"■— 
Then bespake our prynce with an highe word : * 

" Sir Rauphe Egerton my mar shall I make the ! 
Sir Edward Standley thou shalt be a lorde \ 375 

Yea Lorde Mounteigle shalt thou be ! 

Yonge John Standley shall be a knighte, 

As he is well wurthye for to bee i 1 ' — 
The Duke of Buckingham the tythandes harde ryghte, f 

And shortly e ran to the Earle of Derbye : 380 



* Then bespake our prynce on highe. MS. 367. 
+ Harde. MS. 367. 



APPENDIX. 387 

" Plucke vp thy harte, brother, and be merye, 

And let no tythandes greve the ! 
Yesterdaye thy men cowardes called were,* 

And this day haue wonne the victorye." 

The duke toke the earle by the arme, 385 

And lede him to the prynce trulye. 
Seaven rowdes of grounde the kynge he came, 

And said : " Welcome, kynge of Man, and Earle of 
Derbye ! 
This thynge that I haue from the taken, 

I give it agayn to the whollye, 390 

The marshallyng-f of Lancashire and Chesshire men,| 

At thy byddyng euer for to be. 

" For thes mene§ be true to Thomas || indeede. 

They bene true bothe to the and me/' — 
" Yett one thinge greveth me/' the earle saide, 395 

" And in my harte maketh me heavye, 



* Cowardes were they. MS. 293. 
+ Manratton. MS. 367. £ Bothe, ib. 

§ These men. || We have here an example of the 

liroveibial popularity of True Thomas of Ercildom. 



388 APPENDIX. 

This daye to heare they wan the feilde, 
And yesterdaye cowardes for to bee !"— 

" Yt was a wrong wryting," said our kynge, 

" That came from the Earle of Surrey. 400 

" But I shall hym teache his prynce to knowe, 

And ever we come in our countrye !'' — 
" I aske no more/' sayd the earl now,* 

u For all that my men have done trulye, 
That I myselfe his judgement may pronounce, f 405 

Of that nowble Earle of Surrey/' — 
" Stande vp Thomas," said our prynce, 

" Lorde Marshall that I shall make the. 

" And thou shalt gyve the judgement thyselfe, 

And as thou sayeste soe shall yt be !"-— 410 

Then sayd the earle : " Saved is his lyfe : J 
I thank Jesu, and your grace trulye I 

My vncle slewe his father deare, 

He wolde haue venged hym on me/' — 



* The nowble earl. MS. S67. 

+ But that 1 gyve judgement myself. lb. 

J Then is his lyffe saved, said the earle. lb. 



APPENDIX. ~389 

" Thou arte very patiente," our kynge sware,* 415 
" The Holy Ghoste remayneth in the ! 

" On the southe syde of Torney thou shalt stand, 

With my godfather, Earle of Shrewesburye !"— 
And so to that siege forthe they ganged, f 

The nowble Shrewesburye, and the Earle of Derbye: 
And they layde siege vnto the walles batled, J 421 

And wan the towne within dayes three. 
Thus was Lancashire and Chesshire rebuked, 

Throughe the polycie of the Earle of Surrey. 

No we God, that was in Beathleam borne, 425 

And for vs dyed vpon a tree, 
Save our nowble prynces that weareth the crowne, 

And have mercye on the Earle of Derbye ! § 



* Said our kynge. lb. t Went. lb. 

J Probably for battlemented. 

§ On the Earle's sowle of Derbye. MS. 367. 



THE END. 



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